The Coming Of The Civil War - 1371 Words

Kaeli Ariail HIST 2111 Prof. Vaughn-Tucker April 20th, 2017 Unit 6 Essay: The Coming of the Civil War Before the Civil War started, the North and the South argued on two main topics: slavery and state rights. In my opinion, it was because of slavery that state rights were argued. When Western territories were annexed from Mexico, they were admitted to the Union with the condition that that slavery be banned through the Wilmot Proviso (History.com). Because of this, slave states felt they were unfairly treated and outnumbered. The religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening also gave way to new ideology. Combined with the growing abolitionist sentiment, Northern states began taking action against Southern states. Because their rights as†¦show more content†¦The Corwin Amendment attempted to make it impossible for Congress to rid slave states of slavery (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History). The Corwin Amendment was later removed in 1864, when the North’s chances of winning improved. The introduction of the Corwi n Amendment by Representative Thomas Corwin of Ohio sought to solve a lot of issues for slave states. With the Federal government overlooking Northern acts of aggression, this amendment would force the North to stop attacking the South. It also reaffirmed the rights of slaveowners and the rights of â€Å"domestic institution†. It also enticed the South from leaving the Union. This is important simply because the Constitution defines measures for state admission in Article Four (United States Constitution), but not state exit. Article Four of the Constitution details matters that do with statehood, and the relationship between states and their federal government. It is popular for the Full Faith and Credit Clause, which makes records in one state available and active in other states—the most popular example being marriage. It also details the process of gaining statehood. In my opinion, the Article does not detail the exit of a state because once a state gained statehoo d, there was no turning back. Were this the case, history would detail two dates of admission for states that later formed the Confederacy. Even now, there have been many states wanted the opportunity toShow MoreRelatedComing Of The Civil War1265 Words   |  6 PagesComing of the Civil War The Civil War began in April 1861 and ended in April 1865. It was a bloody and brutal war between brothers. The war did not just come about overnight; it was a result of decades of tension in the United States over many different things. Because of different interpretations of the nation s Constitution, the relationship between states and the federal government, as well as between individual states, became strained during the early nineteenth century. The Civil War was aRead MoreThe Fate Of Their Country : Politicians, Slavery Extensions, And The Coming Of Civil War1344 Words   |  6 PagesThe author of â€Å"The fate of their Country: Politicians, Slavery Extensions, and the coming of Civil War†, Michael F. Holt has several very good points about the reasons why the Civil War happened. Now I am going to explain why he thinks that slavery is the main issue of the conflict between the North and South. Why did Texas have such a pivotal role in the struggle between states? Why was the Wilmot Proviso politically dangerous? What occurred in Kansas and why did things go do wrong? And what isRead MoreAnalyze the Ways in Which Controversy over the Extension of Slavery Into Western Territories Contributed to the Coming of the Civil War. Confine Your Answer to the Period 1845-1861.691 Words   |  3 Pagesstates. As a result of the Mexican War, the U.S. men vast new land holdings in the West, fueling a debate between the North and South over the extensions of slavery into the West. This sectional strife over slavery’s extension was a major factor in the eventual commencement of the Civil War. Through accentuating divisions between the North and South over the control of Western lands, the debate over slavery’s extension clearly influenced the Civil War’s coming. After the U.S. secured vast newRead MoreJohn Brown And The Civil War1719 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Lincoln, with their own niche roles contributed greatly to the coming and the inevitability of the Civil War. Lincoln being chief among these people in respects to importance to the coming of the Civil War was a huge catalyst to the civil war through his election to presidency without the votes of a single southern state, and his debates with Stephen Douglas. Douglas was another large part of the fruition of the Civil War through his Compromise of 1850, and the Douglas-Lincoln debates whichRead MoreThe Civil War : The United States1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War divided the United States with its’ origin in the struggle to preserve the Union from the Confederacy’s succession. A war to maintain the United States quickly progressed to battles fought because of the controversial beliefs on slavery in the North and South. In the coming of the Civil War there were questions and confusion that many Americans were faced with in the words of the South’s succession. During the war, families were torn due to the men lost to the Union or Confederate causesRead MoreThe Civil War981 Words   |  4 PagesCivil War Paper Jennifer Ayala HIS/115 October 21, 2012 Kathy Buhe Civil War Paper The mid-19th century is a historic period in the history of the United States, one that shaped the nation we now know. In the year 1861, the tension that had long been brewing between the north and south exploded and led the nation to war. The catalyst was Abraham Lincoln’s victory in the presidential election. As an anti-slavery Republican, the southern states feared his agenda and chose to secede from theRead MoreEssay On Nuclear Energy805 Words   |  4 Pagesmostly diffrante. There is barely anything that is similar or close to be similar. There is barely anything that is similar because Syria is in war right now. Russia is thinking after the Syria’s civil war they are going to build oil refinery. Syria has a big problem with their securing fuel. The Americas are trying to fix the smoke that is keep on coming out of the building The woman with the question mark above her head at the bottom of the page with the oil machen, that represents that people inRead More`` Apostles Of Disunion : Southern Secession Commissioners And The Cause Of The Civil War `` Essay1187 Words   |  5 Pagesof Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War,† Charles B. Dew analyzes the public letters and speeches of white, southern commissioners in order to prove that the Civil War was fought over slavery. By analyzing the public letters and speeches of the commissioners, Dew offers a compelling argument proving that slavery along with the ideology of white supremacy were primary causes of the Civil War. Dew is not only the Ephraim Williams Professor of American History atRead MoreThe American Revolution1190 Words   |  5 Pageslimited its membership to only descendants of participants in the war and created a focus on the importance of ancestry, leads the belief that there were another motivating factor behind an organization of this type. Influencing the founders of the D.A.R. was both the Civil War and the rising immigration to the United States. The Civil War ended with slaves becoming freemen and citizens, affecting the definition of citizenship. Also the war increase patriotic drive in the citizens which directly leadRead MoreThe Outbreak Of The Civil War1047 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Civil War Trenton Miller The Civil War was a battle for freedom of the people and helped the United States write what was called the constitution. The Civil War was a long and tiring war. There are not many reasons of why there was a war, but the few reasons that there was were the most important in history today.The issue that caused problems in the union, was the argument over the future of slavery. That argument led to withdrawing from the union, and withdrawing caused a war. The Northern

Building New Brands on the Internet Free Essays

string(133) " unique branding strategy allows a company to dominate a product area by building a successful brand that stands for just one thing\." Consumers are the main source of revenues and profits of many businesses. Companies always try to ensure that their consumers’ welfare are noted and considered in their decision making. Companies strategize their marketing campaign based on what their target market needs. We will write a custom essay sample on Building New Brands on the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now They try to create a name and reputation for themselves that would be â€Å"loved† by all their consumers and keep them coming back. Companies do this by doing common forms of marketing strategy which well-planned. Some of these marketing strategies are those that people see everyday, all around, in different forms. These can be advertisements in billboards, radio, television, newspapers, flyers, etc. But as technology continues to present new means of communication, these forms have now evolved and now include media such as mobile phones and the internet. Branding Defined What most companies want is for their names or brands to be popular and well-known. Most entrepreneurs and company executives consider branding top priority in their â€Å"to-do† list. Some people think that branding is just merely a name or a logo that represents the company or the product. In its truest essence, branding is, in fact, more than that. Dunn defines branding as ‘a demanding, complex process that requires disciplined attention over an extended period of time. ’ For company heads who are serious in making a lasting impression and a great image for their company or product, branding is a major part of their everyday responsibilities. Dunn explains more: Branding is owning a single idea, concept or feeling in the mind or heart of the customer. Sometimes it’s just a word. A phrase. A thought. An emotion. Whatever it is, you want to own it in the mind of the customer. A brand helps differentiate you from the competition. It makes your product, service or experience different from all others. It lets you stand out from the crowd. Without differentiation, you might end up competing only on price. And with price, there seems to be no bottom to the bottom. Markets today are extremely competitive and getting ahead of competitors and winning the hearts of customers are really important for any company. Customers now are also a lot wiser and smarter than before. They know what they want and they make sure that what they patronize is up to their set standards. Branding, indeed, is a lifelong effort as continuous improvement is necessary in order to keep up with the current demands of customers. What people want today may not be the same tomorrow. Advantages and Disadvantages of Branding Every company’s goals are to be ahead in the industry it belongs, be known to its target market and be profitable. An important factor in achieving these goals is to create a brand that will make a lasting impression to the company’s target market and make customers love it. Effective branding requires a lot of time, effort and creative minds. Geoffrey Randall enumerated the following that brands can benefit the customers: †¢ Identity: the brand must identify itself clearly and unambiguously, so name, legal protection and design elements are important. †¢ Shorthand summary: the identity should act as a summary of all the information the consumer holds about the brand. [†¦] †¢ Security: buying a familiar brand should be reassuring. The brand should guarantee to provide the benefits expected. †¢ Differentiation: the brand must clearly differentiate itself from its competitors, and show buyers how it is unique. †¢ Added value: the brand must offer more than the generic product. These are just the five major things, but there are even more that brands can do to customers. Customers patronize brands for several reasons such as trust, instinct, perceived quality, knowledge and image. Customers like to try new brands but once they already found one that is a perfect fit for their taste, it is highly likely that they will stick to that brand for a certain period of time. It may not be forever, though, that they will just go with one brand, unless the brand keeps on reinventing itself and always stays up to date with the current market demands. Thus, it is important for marketing people or brand managers to always be updated with the latest trend and be knowledgeable on what customers want. Nowadays, any industry, any market is so dynamic that changes happen every now and then. Being always in the loop on all market updates is imperative for all company owners and executives. Branding, indeed, has a lot of good benefits to the customers. However, with all the upside comes the downside of branding such as cost, time and difficulty in reinventing the brand. For a company to establish a brand, a lot of money is required. From research and development, application, testing, up to finally marketing the brand, a huge investment is definitely needed to ensure everything works out smoothly. There are also times when brands tend to already have a fixed image which makes it difficult for companies to deviate a little (i. e. adding another product of different kind) and still maintain customers’ trust in the brand. Reinvention is one factor to keep the popularity of the brand and make consumers love it as time goes by. However, when people already got so used to what the brand has to offer, it may be difficult to extend the brand which might create a new image for it. Time is yet another huge investment required in coming up with a brand and marketing it. Coming up with a good brand and make people love it does not happen overnight. These things, though, can all be worth it anyway when there is a solid plan on the table and an effective team working on it. Types of Branding There are different types of branding strategies that are adopted by different companies depending on how they want to be known by the market. Among these branding types are the following: †¢ Unique Branding – ‘A unique branding strategy allows a company to dominate a product area by building a successful brand that stands for just one thing. You read "Building New Brands on the Internet" in category "Papers" Such a brand can often become synonymous with the product. ’ A good example of this branding strategy is Procter Gamble. This giant company manufactures a wide range of products. Each of those products has its own brand name such as Ariel, Pantene, Pringles, Pampers, Head and Shoulders, and a lot more. These brand names have been popular and have already been associated to its single type of product. But behind all of those household names, there is just a single company enjoying all the success. With this branding strategy, companies can come up with same product types and market them with different brand names. However, ‘it takes a significant investment in time, money and effort to establish a new brand. ’ †¢ Corporate Branding – This branding strategy is somehow the opposite of unique branding. The company has different product offerings but all using the same brand. An example of a company using corporate branding strategy is Apple. When customers are already familiar with the brand, it is easy for them to patronize new product releases of the company. Once the company already has the customers’ trust, it can come up with new products and not have difficulty marketing it. Releasing a new product using corporate branding takes significantly lesser time and money than unique branding. However, companies using this branding strategy should also be careful to maintain the quality of their product as a failure of one may affect the entire brand. Also, range of products may be limited so as to avoid customers doubting the company’s dedication to its original product line. †¢ Range Branding – This is a combination of the two abovementioned branding strategies. A single company creates two or more brands depending on the market needs and customers’ existing perception to its original brand. A good example of a company that utilized range branding is Toyota. The company Toyota came up with Lexus, another brand of cars but meant to be marketed to the upper societal class. Toyota decided to do this because people already have the perception of Toyota being an affordable brand and most of its clients belong to the middle class. Using the same brand to reach the upper class may be difficult for them as their original brand was already stereotyped. Branding Methods Development of brands can be done in different ways. Branding starts in identifying a striking brand name which may represent the characteristics of the product; or it may be a name that is easy to remember. It takes a substantial amount of time before companies can come up with a brand name that will be released in the market. On the more creative side, companies also do come up with logos associated with their brand name. Logos help companies attract more customers who will also tend to remember the brand better because of the visual representation. Brand names and logos are important aspects of branding because those are the things that really represent the product. However, there is more to branding than just those representations. Branding should also happen within the company. The work environment and culture of the company should also coincide with what it is trying to promote. Executives and all employees of the company also represent the brand. They should embody the company’s and the brand’s beliefs, mission and vision. In short, employees should be able to â€Å"live the brand. † For example, in a fast food chain promoting quick, appetizing food on the go, the staff should act as quick as possible but still treat customers very well; packaging should be sturdy enough and really meant for people who like eating while moving; machines and equipments should be efficient to meet daily demands. The overall process in making the product and delivering the service should indeed â€Å"live the brand. † Advertising is also one other aspect which should not be taken for granted in branding. Coming up with the brand name and logo is one thing, but introducing it to the market is another. Creating an identity and making a name in today’s very dynamic market is not a walk in the park. A lot of time and great deal of effort is required for the company to reach out to customers and be known. Establishing the brand is the hard part but can be done if all the people behind the brand work together. The abovementioned brand development greatly applies to brick-and-mortar companies. Today’s generation needs more than just the traditional branding methods. Customers are now looking for more interactivity and convenience as today’s technology continuous to get better and better. Companies should now also try the world of e-commerce or building brands in the internet. Most people now have access to the internet and are aware of the different things they can do with it, which include researching, communicating, and online shopping. Companies trying to establish a new brand, want to extend their existing brand or want to reach more market will benefit with the interactive world of the internet. However, branding in the virtual world is a lot different. The only representation the company will have over the internet is its webpage. The homepage should have a very attractive and interesting layout that will make visitors stay. Backend should also be stable and reliable with fast servers and wide bandwidth. Existing brands who have already made its name offline should also keep their image online because that is what people will actually look for. Also, online presence also requires human intervention in terms of customer support which should be available 24 by 7, if possible. The website should also have an easy-to-remember domain name. ‘Even the best web site will be overlooked if users cannot remember where to find it. ’ In online branding, customer experience is very important because this is where customer loyalty starts. Capturing customers’ attention right from the start and providing excellent customer experience through the company’s virtual presence translates to an effective online branding. ‘For an online business, the look and feel of its website and the quality of the interface is the most important way to communicate its brand. ’ Schools of Internal Branding The importance of employees embodying and living the brand has already been mentioned. This is, in fact, termed as internal branding. Within the company, all the employees should ‘fully understand and appreciate their brand [for them] to provide the desired brand experience to customers. ’ There are four schools of internal branding defined in book by Van Gelder. These schools are as follows: †¢ Mission school – asserts that organizations must have a corporate belief, extolled by visionary management, that functions as an internal bonding mechanism and strategic directive. †¢ Strategy school – brand-based strategic management, in which the brand is the leading organizing principle of a corporation and drives all corporate activities. †¢ Communications school – sees branding as an internal and external communications strategy which is aimed at educating staff and customers alike about the brand. †¢ Organization school – aims to establish internal conditions that allow employees to deliver the correct brand experience to consumers during so-called moments of truth. These schools aim to deliver the best customer experience by making the company’s employees understand the brand and the image the company wants to create, and equipping them with the right tools and knowledge to accomplish their jobs. Whether branding is done offline or online, these things are important as there are always people working behind the brand. Conclusion Creating a name that will be inculcated in the minds and hearts of consumers is definitely not an overnight job. It takes a lot of time, effort and money to plan, strategize and decide on the right branding strategy that will be the best match for the products and services the company is selling. Technology, indeed, has opened more opportunities for companies to build and create a name. Yet, the requirements to be successful in making a name on the virtual world are more comprehensive. Marketing and building a brand through the internet is totally different from the common media that people have been used to. Nevertheless, the benefits of this, if done correctly, are better and more exciting than the usual means offer. Bibliography Dunn, D, Branding: The 6 Easy Steps, Cameron Street Press, Oakland, 2004. Mauro, C, Visual/Interactive Brand Development, TaskZ, 2000, retrieved 4 May 2007, http://www. taskz. com/visual_interactive_indepth. php Randall, G, Branding: A Practical Guide to Planning Your Strategy, 2nd ed, Kogan Page Limited, Dover, 2000. Seidenberg, J, Three Types of Branding, Deltaflow, 2006, retrieved 4 May 2007, http://www. deltaflow. com/? p=235 Van Gelder, S, Global Brand Strategy: Unlocking Brand Potential Across Countries, Cultures Markets, Kogan Page Limited, 2003 How to cite Building New Brands on the Internet, Papers

Marketing A case study on Woolworth and Ezymart organization

Question: Describe about the case study of two organizations, Woolworth Organization Ezymart about their strategies for creating strong brand image and positions? Answer: Introduction This report is basically a case study of two organizations about their strategies for creating strong brand image and positions. These organizations are Woolworth organization which provides its services in the stores and EzyMart which is a convenient store chain. Woolworth organization has a strong brand image and EzyMart does not have a strong image in Australia. Thus, this report studies about the two organization and their strategy related to brand identity and positioning and develops the suggestions for EzyMart. Are You Daunted by the Thought of due Case Study ? Avail Our Services and Receive Case study Help from experts. Woolworths Organization overview Woolworth organization started in 1924 with a single basement store in Pitt Street of Sydney. Woolworths basically is a chain of supermarket. Currently, it is working in Australia and New Zealand. In the last 90 years, Woolworth has created a strong brand image in Australia. Woolworth provided its services in terms of mobile, gift cards, everyday reward websites, financial services, new global roaming SIM, online photos, lost trolleys, mobile applications and Woolworths petroleum services. The brands related to the Woolworths are Macro, Homebrand, Select, Free From, Fresh, Gold. Macro brand is actually related to the food products. Homebrand deals with the household products like dishwashing liquid and nappies (Woolworth, 2015).Select products are related to the daily needs of a person like toothbrush, shaving razors etc. Free Form brand consists baby food products. Fresh brand is related to various fast cooked food products like soups vegetables etc., and Gold brand deals with the b akery products, pantry products etc. (Woolworth, 2015). Woolworths strategy for brand identity and Positioning Woolsworth is the most trusted and reliable brand in Australia. The Woolworths strategy for branding is the main factor behind the success of the organization as each point focused for the branding strategy is very well managed and implemented. Each strategy of the Woolworth organisation is a result of various analysis and research of the Australian market. These strategies are developed by considering the philosophy of Australian people. Woolworth focuses on the following areas for positioning of the brand as well as identity (Woolworth, 2015). Quality For Woolworth, the quality of the products are always on priority. Quality of products helps in developing the faith and trust of the people in brand. Good quality product also creates a strong brand image among the people. Woolworth organization implements various strategies related to the quality of products (Woolworth, 2006). The company manages the products quality by various means. The main strategy behind improving quality of product is to identifying the need and requirements of the people and develops the product according to those requirements. The other strategy related to the quality of product is organizing the various surveys which helps in getting the brands position in the market. Value or Price Value and price of products also plays a main factor behind the positioning of brand. Low prices as well as high prices both destroy the image of any brand. Thus, the price of the products should be according to its use and quality. It is the human philosophy that people generally dont believe in the products of lower prices and always consider their budget before buying any product. Woolworth also adopts the same strategy. The prices of the products related to the Woolworth organization are not too high or too low (Guttler, 2013). Benefit Strategy related to benefit includes the communicating benefits of products among the people which means creating the awareness of the work of the products among the people. Woolworth organization uses this strategy by various means to popularise the brand among the people. This helps the users in selecting the right product according to their needs and requirements (Umass, 2014).This creates a positive brand image among the people. Competitor Todays world is full of competition. Each type of product is available in various brands in the market. Each brand tries to grow in this competitive market. Thus, the strategy related to the competition market is also very important in an organization. Woolworth also builds various strategies for competing in this market (Pull, 2012). The basic strategy of Woolworth is related to the proper analysis of the market while improving their position in the market. Advertisement Woolworth organization also focuses on the advertisement for creating a strong brand image. The advertisements help in building a raw image about the product among the people. For starting any brand or product, advertisement helps in generating the awareness about the product among the people. Woolworth uses the various sources of advertisements for promoting the products in the market. The main sources adopted by the Woolworth organization is media advertisements, media sources include television, newspapers, magazines etc. The other sources of the advertisements are social media and various other famous websites. Problem and solutions Woolworth uses the problem and solution strategy to develop faith among the people for the products related to the Woolworth brand. Woolworth ask their consumers about their problems related to the products as well as the general problems. Focusing on those problems of the consumers helps increase the trust as well as creates a positive brand image among the people. This indicates that the company values its customers. Woolworth organization uses this tool by various means (Kotler, 2010). The online complaint and suggestion forum, toll free helpline numbers are the main sources of these types of interactions. Overview of EzyMart The success story of EzyMart kick started in the year 2002 when professional athlete and a student, Maher Magableh introduced his first Convenience Store in the popular area of Bondi Beach. EzyMarts story of success and growth is tale of passion, determination and the one which speaks volumes about perseverance for excellence (Ezymart.net.au, 2015). Mahers vision of providing groceries and consumer items at affordable rates to people turned his sporting success into amazing success in the retail world as well. Strategies of EzyMart for brand identity and positioning Make failures your stepping stones for success and keep experimenting. This has been the success mantra for taekwondo champion Maher Magableh. The Jordanian-born Maher came to Australia for selection in 2000 Sydney Olympics. Years of taekwondo training and his motto to find a spot on the Jordanian Olympic team ended in much disappointment. But this failure actually lead to success of his life. Today he has set up a network of over 50 EzyMart stores (Fight, 2012). His hard work and dedication made Magableh (who had a non-English speaking background) catch the attention of Ethnic Business Awards. Although he could not make to the top, but he was shortlisted with three other finalists. The award was given for the small business category (Fight, 2012). Experiment is the key to growth Magableh came to Australia at the age of 27 and started working at a milk bar store. He was supposed to move stock in the shop floor. This store provided him with golden opportunity to experiment with various merchandising strategies. In the meanwhile Magableh found a natural interest in customer service and developing marketing concepts. But the story took a new turn when Magableh overtook a neglected convenience store in Bondi in the year 2002. He worked a lot on the store and refurbished it to quite an extent. He also stocked popular products like Hershey's and Reese's chocolate from the United States. It was this strategy of providing hi-end quality products which customers find hard to put hands on in the regular market (Ezymart.net.au, 2015). All the stores of Magableh had different names. Until one day a customer came up and told him that her child and his friends always purchase a chewing gum available at all his stores but at times it becomes difficult to locate his stores as they are all under different name. After some time, he decided one particular brand name for his store and one look and feel for his stores. Today Magableh owns approximately 15 stores with 36 others operated by franchisees. A total of 400 employees work under him and mostly they are part-timers students funding for their studies (Ezymart.net.au, 2015). Recommended strategies for EzyMart EzyMart has made a name for itself in Australia but its presence globally is not very satisfactory. It has ample of opportunity to invest in making an image worldwide. This can be possible by launching its online store and online delivery services. Today people want everything at the click of a mouse. It is a safe investment as people have started trusting the online buyers. Until few years back, buying online was a bit risky, but now people love buying online and have a lot of trust in the products and services too. Conclusion The above report is the result of various research and analysis about the Woolworth organisation and EzyMart. Woolworth organization has a strong brand image among the people in Australia. EzyMart is not a popular brand among the people of Australia (Ezymart.net.au, 2015) but it is working well in the Australian market. According to the above analysis it can be clearly said that the Woolworths strategies for brand image and positioning are very basic while the strategies of EzyMart is innovative but EzyMart lacks basic implementation which may be the reason of the weak brand image of EzyMart in Australia. References Woolworth (2015). Our Brands [online]. Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/wps/wcm/connect/Website/Woolworths/Our+Brands/ [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Woolworth (2015). About Us [online]. Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/wps/wcm/connect/Website/Woolworths/About+Us/ [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Woolworth (2015). Our Services [online]. Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/wps/wcm/connect/Website/Woolworths/Our+Services/ [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Fight, A. (2012). A franchisor with plenty of fight. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/small-business/franchising/a-franchisor-with-plenty-of-fight-20121204-2ast2.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Ezymart.net.au, (2015). About EzyMart | EzyMart. [online] Available at: https://ezymart.net.au/?page_id=295 [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Guettler, Amy (2013). Examples of Brand Positioning Strategy [online]. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-brandpositioning-strategy-25213.html [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Umass (2014). Positioning Strategy [online]. Available at: https://people.umass.edu/debevec/mktg422/Positioning%20PDF.pdf [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Pull (2012). Brand Identity [online]. Available at: https://www.pulldigital.com/Services/Brand---Design/Brand-Identity [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Suttle, Rick (2013). SWOT analysis for Retail [online]. Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/swot-analysis-retail-3344.html [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Wallace, Michelle (2011). Attracting and Retaining Staff: The Role of Branding and Industry Image 23 (1) pp. 20 30. Kotler, Philip (2010). Marketing Strategy 10th ed. London: Pearson Publishing House. Australian Government (2014). Australian Small Business Commissioner [online]. Available at: https://www.asbc.gov.au/news/government [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Woolworth (2006).Doing the right thing [online]. Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/icms_docs/130514_Doing_the_Right_Thing.pdf [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Abinanti, Lawson (2014).Branding and Positioning [online]. Available at: https://www.pragmaticmarketing.com/resources/branding-and-positioning [Accessed: 6th February 2015]. Hall, Steve (2014).The marketers guide for developing a strong brand image and identity [online]. Available at: https://blog.hubspot.com/blog/tabid/6307/bid/34238/The-Marketer-s-Guide-to-Developing-a-Strong-Brand-Identity.aspx [Accessed: 6th February 2015].

Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl Essay Example

Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl Paper The question I have selected for my essay is number one and I will be discussing the presentation of gender and power explored in the short story, Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl. Also in my essay I will be explaining the roles played by the two main characters in the story Mary and Patrick Maloney. Mary Maloney is the main character in the story Lamb to the Slaughter. She is represented as a stereotypical housewife who adores her husband, Patrick Maloney, and is willing to go to any length to please him. At the start of the text Mary seems to be a eak woman and the weaker person in her marriage. She lets her husband push her around and she doesnt even realise hes doing it, because she only ever wants to make happy. Patrick Maloney is the husband of Mary Maloney and the dominant one in their relationship. In the text he is represented as a stereotypical ungrateful, grumpy husband. Also in the text the Maloneys would be classified as an upper class family but even though this is so, Patrick Maloney still works full time as a Senior Policeman. We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another thing we notice about Mr. Maloney is he fact he seems quite bored of the fact he is waited on hand and foot by his wife. Power plays a major part in the story Lamb to the Slaughter. And in this story the power seems to reverse from one character to the other, as it starts of with all the power in the hands of Patrick Maloney. Him being the Senior Police officer at work tells us that he must hold quite a lot of power of his work mates below him. But obviously the person he holds the most power over in the text is his wife, Mary Maloney; his hard working housewife who we find out is 6 months pregnant. She is constantly fussing over Patrick wether it is cooking his dinner or getting his slippers. Another thing we notice is that Mr. Maloney is always the person who makes the decisions in their relationship. Wether it has very little or very much importance. For example what they were both going to have for dinner, it was always whatever Mr. Maloney felt like. However all of this power is reversed in the text when Mary comes back from getting the leg of lamb for her and her husbands dinner. She spots Patrick standing in the corner of the oom and he says, For gods sake! Dont make supper for me, Im going out. And that seems to set her off so she walks over and shows physical power as she hits her husband hard over the head with the leg of lamb, and the second he is dead a whole new power is left with her, it is the power Mr. Maloney had once held over her. Mary also seems to have power over the policeman, detectives and doctors who came to investigate the death of Mr. Maloney. They seem very sympathetic towards her and believe every word Mrs. Maloney says about the death of her usband. After studying this short story it would be fair to say that Mr/Mrs Maloney do not have stereotypical or specific gender and power roles as they seem change their characters during the text. Mr. Maloney is explained by Mary at the start of the story as a loving husband and turned out to be ungrateful and unloving. And Mrs. Maloney starts off being a shy, warm, quite woman and ends up slaughtering her husband with a leg of lamb. To conclude my essay however, at different times in the text both characters hold more power then the other.

Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World

Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World To Survive in a Globalized World The age of globalization is upon us. This means that people from different cultures have opportunities to interact with each other, thus, they need to find ways to communicate better. Learning a second language on top of their native one may be one step in reaching out to people from another culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Parents are now becoming more keen in letting their young children learn second, third and even multiple languages to prepare them for the competition they have to face in the world when they grow up. Children’s television shows such as Dora, the Explorer and Sesame Street are very popular, because these shows feature learning words in another language other than the child’s first language. Young children find exposure to more l anguages at an early age due to the encouragement of multicultural education. English has become the global language for businesses world wide, so many people from foreign countries engage in learning it as a second language. However, several issues have come up regarding linguistic diversity. Educators need to investigate and understand these issues so that they can better design second language learning strategies to implement in their multicultural classes. This paper will investigate language learning and discuss concepts, principles, theories and methods in learning language, specifically a second language. It will also discuss how learning a second language affects the first language as well as determine if age is a factor in learning a new language or if strategies employed in the learning of the language can override the age factor. This is in consideration of more and more adults wanting to learn a second language for their own benefit. Language Acquisition and Development Language acquisition and development has been a point of keen interest of educators, psychologists and researchers that numerous studies have been done to unveil more knowledge about it.There have been many theories conceptualized as to how language is acquired by human beings. A great deal of a child’s acquisition of linguistic structure occurs during the first five years of life. This is the period when he is most active in discerning a set of underlying organizational principles of language from the expression that surrounds him. It is amazing how at a very young age, he is capable of abstracting meaning from direct experience with other language users depending on his own context.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beaty (2009) explains that even at an infant stage, the baby’s early nonverbal communication helps in preparing her for the spoken and w ritten language to follow and at 6 months, she has become a language specialist, based on the sounds she hears most frequently. At 20 months, she may possess a sizable vocabulary if she hears adults around her talk to one another and to her all the time. Of course good hearing and sensitive listening are paramount to language development. According to Lightbrown Spada (1999), like the first language, â€Å"learner’s age is one of the characteristics which determine the way in which an individual approaches second language learning.† (68). Language has four elements, and these elements have related skills necessary to develop a proficiency in language. According to Larsen-Freeman (1986), the natural order that children follow when learning their native language in terms of skill acquisition is: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Crucial to the development of teaching approaches is an understanding of such processes involved in language use. Learning of language and literacy is very much interrelated. With young children, it is essential that the learning approaches in teaching literacy be selected appropriately. Educators use different approaches to help children become literate: Whole language approach: emphasizes a holistic, meaning-based and context-based approach in linking printed text with spoken language. Little attention is paid to specific or isolated skills and limited emphasis is placed on the role of focused practice. Language and literacy are viewed as integrated systems, and specific components of language such as sounds of each letter are not learned in isolation (Norris Hoffman, 1993). Phonetic approach: emphasizes phonological awareness training value the provision of specific and focused opportunities to practice segmenting words into phonemes, blending phonemes into words and learning to rhyme. Natural literacy: expands the concept of emergent literacy by emphasizing the role of interactions with adults or more competent peers in a child’s learning experiences. Although the whole language approach and the phonetic approach seem to be opposing camps, there is good reason to suggest an integration of both for more effective literacy development. Watkins Bunce (1996) gives the rationale: â€Å"On the one hand, because the process of literacy acquisition occurs through natural, meaningful experiences with print and reading, these experiences should play a role in efforts to facilitate such skills. On the other hand, because phonological awareness contributes to early reading achievement, some focus on particular phonological awareness abilities appears warranted. Thus, a rationale exists for integrating whole language and phonological awareness perspectives in attempts to promote literacy proficiency in young children.† (n.p.) The activities teachers of young children should plan for them should comply to the requirements necessary to meet the developmental needs of young chi ldren in terms of their language and literacy development. Not only should children be literate, but they should also become good communicators in the future especially if they are exposed to more of developmentally-appropriate activities in their very young age.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Otto (2010) differentiates language acquisition and language learning as thus: in language acquisition, a child learns language unconsciously in a natural way because he needs to understand meaning. On the other hand, in language learning, a child consciously learns rules in formal instruction in learning a language. Emphasis here is on the form of the language. Vygotsky (1962, as mentioned in Clay, 1998) emphasizes the value of children’s talk and their growing ability to articulate their understanding of their world orally and in writing. Taking part in negotiating meanings is part of the educational process, and Vygotsky believes that just being with others helps children learn. Benson McMullen (1998) agrees that children’s collaboration with their peers in problem-solving sessions encourages listening to each other’s ideas and in turn, express their own thoughts clearly. The varied ideas on dealing with problems evolve in group discussions making children understand that there may be more than one solution to a problem. It also prompts children to negotiate with others which solution to try. Adults play a huge role in the language development of children, as they need someone who uses simple language in correct form and is flexible enough adjust his language to suit the child’s (Clay, 1988). Lindfors (1987) notes that the child’s language environment includes a set of specific sentences, however, it is not this set of sentences that he acquires, but deduces from these an underlying set of organizational principles and sound-meaning relationships. To illustrate, children as young as two do not talk by simply using the specific sentences they hear, but rather, they construct sentences according to their own early version of organized principles underlying the specific sentences they have heard. Perhaps due also limited language and motor skills, the child’s early linguistic system is different from the adult’s and results in telegraphic and grammatically erratic sentences like â€Å"He no want to sit me.†, â€Å"I not like it†, and â€Å"He gived it to me.†Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Over time, his language system will be revised in many different situations, and his sentences will become more adults of story themes are protagonists who dealt with race issues and children who solved problems successfully. Lesson plans should incorporate culturally relevant ideas in each diverse classroom (Edwards Kuhlman, 2007). For children learning a second language at an earlier age, it is important that their cultural background will not be discounted, as it makes up so much of their personhood. CBI strategies that are known it widely include content in its teaching strategies should focus more on the culture the learner comes from along with the culture of the second language he or she is learning. Having a good second language teacher is essential to learning the language more fluently. I do not discount the fact that imitation of proper pronunciation and intonation is necessary. Hence, learners should have attentive ears and retentive minds, and of course, cooperative to ngues to be able to speak fluently in such language. I also believe they need opportunities to practice speaking and listening to the second language outside the language lessons, so that means they need a support system of learners to interact with. I agree with the behaviorists’ concept of language learning through imitation, repetition and reinforcement; socioculturalists’ concept of social influence in language learning and Ausubel’s need for meaning in order to learn language. Thus, it makes sense that I would lean towards the communicative approach in second language learning. For me, it is more practical and user-friendly. I am not restricted to just learning the second language exclusively, but I am given freedom to refer to my native language for meaning. I also get to engage in meaningful activities that would make me appreciate the language better. I do not agree with â€Å"getting it right the beginning† because I see the value in making mista kes. I know they do not have to remain mistakes because the lesson is that they need to be corrected and stay corrected the more I get proficient with the language. I liken it to a child first learning how to write. To correct her in her attempts at writing and spelling may discourage her from exploring her own learning capacities and may just stifle her motivation and quit. I believe, this affects her self-esteem and confidence. However, when she feels liberated to explore writing, she will be more interested and passionate about getting it right that she would initiate asking if what she wrote was correct or not. She will come to a point that she would welcome corrections from adults to set her in the straight and proper path. I believe there is richer learning in this process rather than just being spoonfed information to memorize by rote. For me, meaning is more important than form. My beliefs in second language learning is happily validated by the research literature. Although the many theories I have discussed have different points, I derive what I think best suits my own philosophy. I agree with the sociocultural perspective of learning through interactions with others. A supportive environment will prop up beginning learners to reach their goals. I also believe that people have different learning styles. Some may be content with the traditional ways of listening to a teacher and regurgitating back information to her. For these students, the oral and aural learning styles are preferred. The study of learning styles have unearthed other styles which might have been considered unorthodox in the past. There are kinesthetic learners, who learn through actions and movement. It is fortunate that there are now learning approaches that cater to such learners who provide more active learning activities such as singing, games, dancing, interactive activities, etc. and not restricted to paper and pencil tasks and board work. I believe I am a more experiential lear ner, and teaching-learning methodologies that get me up my chair to actively participate will capture my interest more and make me retain new knowledge and skills better. Activities like dining in a restaurant that serves the food of the country where the language I am studying comes from (ex. French restaurant) and order using that language will be a very fruitful experience from me which would keep me on my toes to use the new language I have learned to good use. Another example is watching a foreign movie with subtitles. I can try watching it by turning the subtitles off and see if I can understand it. If not, then I have the freedom to turn the subtitles back on. I still believe in immersion strategies. Ideally, being in the country where the second language originates will leave the learner no choice but to learn, understand and use the language in order to survive. However, that does not mean that the first language gets pushed down in his psyche and forgotten altogether. It w ill serve as the learner’s anchor to understand the second language better. I also believe that the foreign environment can influence the learning process of the second language with the condition of a proper interaction, where according to the social network theory â€Å"personal relationships an individual shares with others such as relatives, friends, coworkers, and neighbors mediate variable linguistic behavior.† (Mantero, 2007, p. 192). The numerous issues on second language learning, especially English, only prove that it is creating much impact on the development of children from diverse cultures. More and more people consider its advantages and possible disadvantages. Such amount of attention is worth it because people think up of ways on how to maximize its benefits. Learning another language apart from one’s native language helps children be ready to be highly competent in an increasingly globalized world. Ausubel, David. A. , Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston 1968. Babbitt, Marcia. â€Å"Making Writing Count in an ESL Learning Community.† In I. Leki (ed), Academic Writing Programs, Alexandria, VA: TESOL. 2001. Benson McMullen, Mary., Thinking before doing: A giant toddler step on the road to literacy, Young Children, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 65-70. 1998. Bonk, Curtis J. Cunningham, Donald J. â€Å"Searching for Learner-Centered,  Constructivist, and Sociocultural Components of Collaborative Educational  Learning Tools† in Electronic Collaborators. 2011. Web. Brewer, Joan., Introduction to Early Childhood Education, Allyn Bacon, 2001. Brown, H. Douglas., Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2nd Ed. NJ: Prentice Hall Regents 1987. Carroll, John B, The Critical Need in the Study of Language. College Composition and  Communication, Vol. 13, No. 3, Annual Meeting, Chicago, (1962), pp. 23-26. Chiswick, Barry R. Miller, Paul W., Language skills and earnings among le galized aliens, Journal of Population Economics, 12: 63-89, 1999. Chomsky, Noam., Aspects of a Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1965. Clay, Marie., By Different Paths to Common Outcomes, Stenhouse Publishers, Maine, pp. 5-32. 1998. Clifford, James.. Travelling culture in L. Grossberg, C. Nelson, and P. Treichler (eds.). Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge. 1992. Crandall, JoAnn. (ed), ESL through Content-Area Instruction, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1987. Curtain, Helena, Haas, Mari. â€Å"Integrating foreign language and content instruction in grades K-8†, 2011. Web. Curtain, Helena, Pesola, Carol Ann Bjornstad, Languages and children: Making the  match, Foreign language instruction for an early start grades K-8., White Plains, NY: Longman, 1994. Doman, Evelyn, â€Å"Current Debates in SLA†, Asian EFL Journal, Vol 7, Issue 4, Art. 8. 2011. Web. Duenas, Maria, A Description of Prototype Models for Content-Based Language  Instruction in Highe r Education, Department of English Studies, University of Murcia, 2002. Echevarria, J. Short, D.J., â€Å"The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)†, 2011. Web. Edwards, Sarah Kuhlman, Wilma, Culturally Responsive Teaching: Do We Walk Our Talk?, Multicultural Education, 2007. Ellis, Rod. SLA and language pedagogy. An educational perspective. Studies in Second  Language Acquisition, 19, 69-92. 1997. European Commission, â€Å"An Excellent Way of Making Progress in a Foreign Language† 2011. Web. Herrero, Annabelle H., Content-Based Instruction in an English Oral Communication Course at the University of Costa Rica, Actual Investigations in Education, Vol.5, No. 4, 2005. Kachru, Braj B. The second diaspora of English, In T. W. Machan and C. T. Scotts (eds.), English in its social contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 230– 252, 1992. Kern, R.G., â€Å"Literacy as a New Organizing Principle for Foreign Language Education.† In Reading Betwe en the Lines, New Heaven: Yale University Press, 2002. Kramsch, Claire Sullivan, Patricia, â€Å"Appropriate Pedagogy†, ELT J 50: 199-212, 1996. Larsen-Freeman, Diane, Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford University Press, Inc. 1986. Lenneberg, Eric H.,â€Å"The Capacity for Language Acquisition†, in The Structure of Language, ed. J.A. Fodor and J.J. Katz. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1964. Leon, Edgar, Challenges and Solutions for Educating Migrant Students , ERIC, ED393615, 1996. Lightbown, Patsy M. Spada, Nina, How Languages Are Learned. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006. Lindfors, J.W., Children’s Language and Learning, 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 1987. Lyster, Roy Ranta, Leila, Corrective Feedback And Learner Uptake. SSLA, 20, 37– 66. Mantero, Miguel, Identity and second language learning : culture, inquiry, and dialogic activity in educational contexts. Charlotte, N.C.: IAP. 2007. Merryfield, Merry M., †Å"Institutionalizing cross-cultural experiences and international expertise in teacher education: The development and potential of a global education PDS network†, Journal of Teacher Education, 46(1), 1-9., 1995. Met, M.J.L. Learning Language through Content, Learning Content through Language. Foreign Language Annals 24 (4). (1991). Mohan, B., Language and Content. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1986. Nagata, H. Testing Oral Ability: 1LR am ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interviews.†Ã‚  JALT Applied Materials 12, 1995. Norris, J., Hoffman, P., Whole Language Intervention for School-age  Children. San Diego: Singular Press. 1993. Otto, Beverly. Language development in early childhood. (3rd edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. 2010. Pakir, Anne, Bilingual education with English as an official language: Sociocultural  implications, Georgetown University Round Table On Languages And Linguistics. Georgetown University Press/ Digital Georgetown and the Department of Languages and Linguistics, 1999. Pessoa, S., Hendiy, H., Donato, R., Tucker, G.R., Lee, H., Content-Based Instruction in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Discourse Perspective,  Foreign Language Annals 40 (1) (2007). Platt, John T. (1982) â€Å"Bilingual language policies in a multilingual nation: Singapore†. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 5, pp. 17-20. Prodromou, L., â€Å"What culture? Which culture? Cross-cultural factors in language learning†, ELT J 46: 39-50, 1992. Slobin, Dan.I., â€Å"Comments on ‘Developmental Psycholinguistics’†, in The Genesis  of Language: A Psycholinguistic Approach, ed. F. Smith and G. Miller. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1966. Song, Balin, Content-Based ESL Instruction: Long-term Effects and Outcomes, The American University: Elsevier Ltd. , 2005. Stoller, E., Promoting the acquisition of knowledge in a content based course, In J. Crandall D. Kaufman (Eds.), Content-based instruction in higher  educa tion settings (pp. 109-123). Alexandria, VA: TESOL. 2004. Stoller, E, Grabe, W., The six-Ts approach to content-based instruction. In M.Snow D. M. Brinton (Eds.), The content-based classroom: perspectives on  Integrating language and content (pp. 78-94). New York: Addison-Wesley Longman 1997. Stryker, S.N. Leaver, B.L. Content-Based Instruction in Foreign Language Education. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. 1997. Swain, Merrill Lapkin, Sharon, Task-based second language learning: the uses of the first language. Language Teaching Research 4,3 pp. 251–274, 2000. The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements. (n.d.). â€Å"Cultural and linguistic differences: What teachers should know†. 2011. Web. U.S.ENGLISH Foundation, Inc., â€Å"Language Research: Language in everyday life: The use of language in everyday life, e.g. education, broadcasting, and other†, 2011. Web. 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A Summary of the National Response Framework

â€Å"Response doctrine influences the way in which policy and plans are developed, forces are organized and trained, and equipment is procured. It promotes unity of purpose, guides professional judgment, and enables responders to best fulfill their responsibilities. (NFR, January 2008, Page 8 and 9) This summary draws upon multiple documents from one primary source, the Department of Homeland Security web site. Upon examination of these documents it became clear that as our country faced more frequent and destructive disasters, the more collaborative our preparation, response and recovery efforts had to become; and to coordinate that kind of multi-systems response our first responders and decision makers would need a framework from which to provide a powerful unified response. That document is the National Response Framework. Researching and summarizing this document is a crucial foundation to understanding 21st Century emergency management in the United States. A Summary of the National Response Framework â€Å"To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, the United States Government shall establish a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management. † — Homeland Security Presidential Directive – 5 (NPR Brochure, page 2) The National Response Framework (NRF) is a 90-page guide to how the United States conducts all-hazards response.As a student exploring the field of emergency management as a career possibility, it is clear that the National Response Framework is the essential first-step to having a better understanding of how incident response will be conducted now and in the future. Furthermore, it is the fundamental directive on how local, state and federal preparation, planning, mitigation and recove ry will be forged, as well. So if one wants to be effective in emergency management, one must first become knowledgeable of this framework.The National Response Framework is guided by the input of hundreds of stakeholders, written for government executives, private-sector and nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders, and emergency management practitioners to establish a comprehensive national approach to domestic incident response. The NRF works because it sharpens the focus on who is involved with emergency management at the local, tribal, state and federal levels and with the private sector and NGOs; describes what we as a nation collectively do to respond to incidents; explains how we are organized to implement response actions; and emphasizes the importance of planning.It allows first responders, decision-makers and supporting entities to provide a unified national response to disasters and emergencies. (NFP- Fact Sheet, page 4) This document is a result of twenty years of federal planning documents. The NRF was preceded 15 years earlier by a Federal Response Plan (1992) that focused largely on federal roles and responsibilities only. (NFP, January 2008, page 2) However, after the 9/11 attacks, urgent efforts were made to understand and implement common incident management and response principles to develop common planning frameworks.President George W. Bush directed the development of the National Respon se Plan (NRP) in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 5, in February 2003. It was published one year after creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the National Strategy for Homeland Security (Strategy). (NFP, January 2008, page 2 and 12) The NRP formed the basis for how the federal government would coordinate with state, local and tribal governments and the private sector during the response to a national incident.It was the cornerstone for the eventual maturation to the National Response Framework. The NRP brought together best practices from a range of disciplines including: homeland security, emergency management, law enforcement, firefighting, public works, public health and the private sector and integrated them into one unified structure. This unified structure provided the ability to coordinate federal support to state, local and tribal incident managers. (NFP, January 2008, page 12)President Bush’s Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 5 also ordered the development of the National Incident Management System (NIM S), which continues to bring together federal, state, local and tribal emergency responders into a single system for managing incidents. The NIMS enables responders at all levels to work together more effectively to manage domestic incidents no matter what the cause, size or complexity. (Homeland Security Under Secretary Kicks Off National Response Plan Workshops In D. C. April 15, 2005)The National Response Plan was then renamed the National Response Framework in 2008, to better align the document with its intent. Stakeholders suggested that the NRP did not constitute a true operational plan in the sense understood by emergency managers but rather a construct for coordinated national incident management. The new National Response Framework is based directly on the NRP and retains much of its content. (NFP, page2) As mentioned previously, many of these systems developed as a response to the 9/11 attacks.The NRF is actually a requirement of the larger overarching National Strategy for Homeland Security (Strategy) that serves to guide and coalesce our countrys security efforts to achieving the following four goals: Prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks. Protect the American people and our critical infrastructure and key resources. Respond to and recover from incidents that do occur. Continue to strengthen the foundation to ensure our long-term success. The NRF obviously addresses the third goal.

Assignment about ethics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About ethics - Assignment Example System 1 thinking is characterized by an unconscious and automatic way of thinking. This system has the universal cognition that occurs both in human beings and in animals, an aspect that is considered evolutionary. System one thinking is comprised of subsystems that work hand-in-hand within the same autonomy. System 1 thinking is responsible for instinctive behaviors that are programmed inherently. This system solves problems through the dependence of prior information that is associated with the system including automatic, holistic and fast cognitive ability (Kaufman & Singer, 2012). System 2 is recent compared to system 1. This system is characteristic of human beings only. This system is also understood as the explicit and rule-based system. It is slow, sequential, and domain-general and is performed in the central memory system. System 2 allows abstract hypothetical thinking that does not happen in system 1. This system functions with regard to logical standards and is rule based, demanding, analytic and controlled of cognitive capacity (Kaufman & Singer, 2012). The kind of individual ethical problem-solving that happens in business and organizations involves the application of system 1 and system 2 thinking. The use of instinctive information must be used then making an ethical decision. It also involves a holistic approach that will involve looking at the causes of the ethical problem and going towards the identification of a solution. System 2 is also significant because ethical problem solving in a business or an organization must be made using logic and reasoning. This happens in the sense that one has to think through an ethical dilemma or problem and go through certain processes that involve identification, ranking, developing an action plan, implementing it and reflecting on its success. An example of a system 1 response to an ethical dilemma in business is when