Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl Essay Example

Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl Paper The question I have selected for my essay is number one and I will be discussing the presentation of gender and power explored in the short story, Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl. Also in my essay I will be explaining the roles played by the two main characters in the story Mary and Patrick Maloney. Mary Maloney is the main character in the story Lamb to the Slaughter. She is represented as a stereotypical housewife who adores her husband, Patrick Maloney, and is willing to go to any length to please him. At the start of the text Mary seems to be a eak woman and the weaker person in her marriage. She lets her husband push her around and she doesnt even realise hes doing it, because she only ever wants to make happy. Patrick Maloney is the husband of Mary Maloney and the dominant one in their relationship. In the text he is represented as a stereotypical ungrateful, grumpy husband. Also in the text the Maloneys would be classified as an upper class family but even though this is so, Patrick Maloney still works full time as a Senior Policeman. We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another thing we notice about Mr. Maloney is he fact he seems quite bored of the fact he is waited on hand and foot by his wife. Power plays a major part in the story Lamb to the Slaughter. And in this story the power seems to reverse from one character to the other, as it starts of with all the power in the hands of Patrick Maloney. Him being the Senior Police officer at work tells us that he must hold quite a lot of power of his work mates below him. But obviously the person he holds the most power over in the text is his wife, Mary Maloney; his hard working housewife who we find out is 6 months pregnant. She is constantly fussing over Patrick wether it is cooking his dinner or getting his slippers. Another thing we notice is that Mr. Maloney is always the person who makes the decisions in their relationship. Wether it has very little or very much importance. For example what they were both going to have for dinner, it was always whatever Mr. Maloney felt like. However all of this power is reversed in the text when Mary comes back from getting the leg of lamb for her and her husbands dinner. She spots Patrick standing in the corner of the oom and he says, For gods sake! Dont make supper for me, Im going out. And that seems to set her off so she walks over and shows physical power as she hits her husband hard over the head with the leg of lamb, and the second he is dead a whole new power is left with her, it is the power Mr. Maloney had once held over her. Mary also seems to have power over the policeman, detectives and doctors who came to investigate the death of Mr. Maloney. They seem very sympathetic towards her and believe every word Mrs. Maloney says about the death of her usband. After studying this short story it would be fair to say that Mr/Mrs Maloney do not have stereotypical or specific gender and power roles as they seem change their characters during the text. Mr. Maloney is explained by Mary at the start of the story as a loving husband and turned out to be ungrateful and unloving. And Mrs. Maloney starts off being a shy, warm, quite woman and ends up slaughtering her husband with a leg of lamb. To conclude my essay however, at different times in the text both characters hold more power then the other.

Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World

Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World To Survive in a Globalized World The age of globalization is upon us. This means that people from different cultures have opportunities to interact with each other, thus, they need to find ways to communicate better. Learning a second language on top of their native one may be one step in reaching out to people from another culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Parents are now becoming more keen in letting their young children learn second, third and even multiple languages to prepare them for the competition they have to face in the world when they grow up. Children’s television shows such as Dora, the Explorer and Sesame Street are very popular, because these shows feature learning words in another language other than the child’s first language. Young children find exposure to more l anguages at an early age due to the encouragement of multicultural education. English has become the global language for businesses world wide, so many people from foreign countries engage in learning it as a second language. However, several issues have come up regarding linguistic diversity. Educators need to investigate and understand these issues so that they can better design second language learning strategies to implement in their multicultural classes. This paper will investigate language learning and discuss concepts, principles, theories and methods in learning language, specifically a second language. It will also discuss how learning a second language affects the first language as well as determine if age is a factor in learning a new language or if strategies employed in the learning of the language can override the age factor. This is in consideration of more and more adults wanting to learn a second language for their own benefit. Language Acquisition and Development Language acquisition and development has been a point of keen interest of educators, psychologists and researchers that numerous studies have been done to unveil more knowledge about it.There have been many theories conceptualized as to how language is acquired by human beings. A great deal of a child’s acquisition of linguistic structure occurs during the first five years of life. This is the period when he is most active in discerning a set of underlying organizational principles of language from the expression that surrounds him. It is amazing how at a very young age, he is capable of abstracting meaning from direct experience with other language users depending on his own context.Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Beaty (2009) explains that even at an infant stage, the baby’s early nonverbal communication helps in preparing her for the spoken and w ritten language to follow and at 6 months, she has become a language specialist, based on the sounds she hears most frequently. At 20 months, she may possess a sizable vocabulary if she hears adults around her talk to one another and to her all the time. Of course good hearing and sensitive listening are paramount to language development. According to Lightbrown Spada (1999), like the first language, â€Å"learner’s age is one of the characteristics which determine the way in which an individual approaches second language learning.† (68). Language has four elements, and these elements have related skills necessary to develop a proficiency in language. According to Larsen-Freeman (1986), the natural order that children follow when learning their native language in terms of skill acquisition is: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Crucial to the development of teaching approaches is an understanding of such processes involved in language use. Learning of language and literacy is very much interrelated. With young children, it is essential that the learning approaches in teaching literacy be selected appropriately. Educators use different approaches to help children become literate: Whole language approach: emphasizes a holistic, meaning-based and context-based approach in linking printed text with spoken language. Little attention is paid to specific or isolated skills and limited emphasis is placed on the role of focused practice. Language and literacy are viewed as integrated systems, and specific components of language such as sounds of each letter are not learned in isolation (Norris Hoffman, 1993). Phonetic approach: emphasizes phonological awareness training value the provision of specific and focused opportunities to practice segmenting words into phonemes, blending phonemes into words and learning to rhyme. Natural literacy: expands the concept of emergent literacy by emphasizing the role of interactions with adults or more competent peers in a child’s learning experiences. Although the whole language approach and the phonetic approach seem to be opposing camps, there is good reason to suggest an integration of both for more effective literacy development. Watkins Bunce (1996) gives the rationale: â€Å"On the one hand, because the process of literacy acquisition occurs through natural, meaningful experiences with print and reading, these experiences should play a role in efforts to facilitate such skills. On the other hand, because phonological awareness contributes to early reading achievement, some focus on particular phonological awareness abilities appears warranted. Thus, a rationale exists for integrating whole language and phonological awareness perspectives in attempts to promote literacy proficiency in young children.† (n.p.) The activities teachers of young children should plan for them should comply to the requirements necessary to meet the developmental needs of young chi ldren in terms of their language and literacy development. Not only should children be literate, but they should also become good communicators in the future especially if they are exposed to more of developmentally-appropriate activities in their very young age.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Learning Another Language Such as English To Survive in a Globalized World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Otto (2010) differentiates language acquisition and language learning as thus: in language acquisition, a child learns language unconsciously in a natural way because he needs to understand meaning. On the other hand, in language learning, a child consciously learns rules in formal instruction in learning a language. Emphasis here is on the form of the language. Vygotsky (1962, as mentioned in Clay, 1998) emphasizes the value of children’s talk and their growing ability to articulate their understanding of their world orally and in writing. Taking part in negotiating meanings is part of the educational process, and Vygotsky believes that just being with others helps children learn. Benson McMullen (1998) agrees that children’s collaboration with their peers in problem-solving sessions encourages listening to each other’s ideas and in turn, express their own thoughts clearly. The varied ideas on dealing with problems evolve in group discussions making children understand that there may be more than one solution to a problem. It also prompts children to negotiate with others which solution to try. Adults play a huge role in the language development of children, as they need someone who uses simple language in correct form and is flexible enough adjust his language to suit the child’s (Clay, 1988). Lindfors (1987) notes that the child’s language environment includes a set of specific sentences, however, it is not this set of sentences that he acquires, but deduces from these an underlying set of organizational principles and sound-meaning relationships. To illustrate, children as young as two do not talk by simply using the specific sentences they hear, but rather, they construct sentences according to their own early version of organized principles underlying the specific sentences they have heard. Perhaps due also limited language and motor skills, the child’s early linguistic system is different from the adult’s and results in telegraphic and grammatically erratic sentences like â€Å"He no want to sit me.†, â€Å"I not like it†, and â€Å"He gived it to me.†Advertising Looking for research paper on linguistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Over time, his language system will be revised in many different situations, and his sentences will become more adults of story themes are protagonists who dealt with race issues and children who solved problems successfully. Lesson plans should incorporate culturally relevant ideas in each diverse classroom (Edwards Kuhlman, 2007). For children learning a second language at an earlier age, it is important that their cultural background will not be discounted, as it makes up so much of their personhood. CBI strategies that are known it widely include content in its teaching strategies should focus more on the culture the learner comes from along with the culture of the second language he or she is learning. Having a good second language teacher is essential to learning the language more fluently. I do not discount the fact that imitation of proper pronunciation and intonation is necessary. Hence, learners should have attentive ears and retentive minds, and of course, cooperative to ngues to be able to speak fluently in such language. I also believe they need opportunities to practice speaking and listening to the second language outside the language lessons, so that means they need a support system of learners to interact with. I agree with the behaviorists’ concept of language learning through imitation, repetition and reinforcement; socioculturalists’ concept of social influence in language learning and Ausubel’s need for meaning in order to learn language. Thus, it makes sense that I would lean towards the communicative approach in second language learning. For me, it is more practical and user-friendly. I am not restricted to just learning the second language exclusively, but I am given freedom to refer to my native language for meaning. I also get to engage in meaningful activities that would make me appreciate the language better. I do not agree with â€Å"getting it right the beginning† because I see the value in making mista kes. I know they do not have to remain mistakes because the lesson is that they need to be corrected and stay corrected the more I get proficient with the language. I liken it to a child first learning how to write. To correct her in her attempts at writing and spelling may discourage her from exploring her own learning capacities and may just stifle her motivation and quit. I believe, this affects her self-esteem and confidence. However, when she feels liberated to explore writing, she will be more interested and passionate about getting it right that she would initiate asking if what she wrote was correct or not. She will come to a point that she would welcome corrections from adults to set her in the straight and proper path. I believe there is richer learning in this process rather than just being spoonfed information to memorize by rote. For me, meaning is more important than form. My beliefs in second language learning is happily validated by the research literature. Although the many theories I have discussed have different points, I derive what I think best suits my own philosophy. I agree with the sociocultural perspective of learning through interactions with others. A supportive environment will prop up beginning learners to reach their goals. I also believe that people have different learning styles. Some may be content with the traditional ways of listening to a teacher and regurgitating back information to her. For these students, the oral and aural learning styles are preferred. The study of learning styles have unearthed other styles which might have been considered unorthodox in the past. There are kinesthetic learners, who learn through actions and movement. It is fortunate that there are now learning approaches that cater to such learners who provide more active learning activities such as singing, games, dancing, interactive activities, etc. and not restricted to paper and pencil tasks and board work. I believe I am a more experiential lear ner, and teaching-learning methodologies that get me up my chair to actively participate will capture my interest more and make me retain new knowledge and skills better. Activities like dining in a restaurant that serves the food of the country where the language I am studying comes from (ex. French restaurant) and order using that language will be a very fruitful experience from me which would keep me on my toes to use the new language I have learned to good use. Another example is watching a foreign movie with subtitles. I can try watching it by turning the subtitles off and see if I can understand it. If not, then I have the freedom to turn the subtitles back on. I still believe in immersion strategies. Ideally, being in the country where the second language originates will leave the learner no choice but to learn, understand and use the language in order to survive. However, that does not mean that the first language gets pushed down in his psyche and forgotten altogether. It w ill serve as the learner’s anchor to understand the second language better. I also believe that the foreign environment can influence the learning process of the second language with the condition of a proper interaction, where according to the social network theory â€Å"personal relationships an individual shares with others such as relatives, friends, coworkers, and neighbors mediate variable linguistic behavior.† (Mantero, 2007, p. 192). The numerous issues on second language learning, especially English, only prove that it is creating much impact on the development of children from diverse cultures. More and more people consider its advantages and possible disadvantages. Such amount of attention is worth it because people think up of ways on how to maximize its benefits. Learning another language apart from one’s native language helps children be ready to be highly competent in an increasingly globalized world. Ausubel, David. A. , Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View. New York: Holt, Rinehart Winston 1968. Babbitt, Marcia. â€Å"Making Writing Count in an ESL Learning Community.† In I. Leki (ed), Academic Writing Programs, Alexandria, VA: TESOL. 2001. Benson McMullen, Mary., Thinking before doing: A giant toddler step on the road to literacy, Young Children, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 65-70. 1998. Bonk, Curtis J. Cunningham, Donald J. â€Å"Searching for Learner-Centered,  Constructivist, and Sociocultural Components of Collaborative Educational  Learning Tools† in Electronic Collaborators. 2011. Web. Brewer, Joan., Introduction to Early Childhood Education, Allyn Bacon, 2001. Brown, H. Douglas., Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 2nd Ed. NJ: Prentice Hall Regents 1987. Carroll, John B, The Critical Need in the Study of Language. College Composition and  Communication, Vol. 13, No. 3, Annual Meeting, Chicago, (1962), pp. 23-26. Chiswick, Barry R. Miller, Paul W., Language skills and earnings among le galized aliens, Journal of Population Economics, 12: 63-89, 1999. Chomsky, Noam., Aspects of a Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1965. Clay, Marie., By Different Paths to Common Outcomes, Stenhouse Publishers, Maine, pp. 5-32. 1998. Clifford, James.. Travelling culture in L. Grossberg, C. Nelson, and P. Treichler (eds.). Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge. 1992. Crandall, JoAnn. (ed), ESL through Content-Area Instruction, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1987. Curtain, Helena, Haas, Mari. â€Å"Integrating foreign language and content instruction in grades K-8†, 2011. Web. Curtain, Helena, Pesola, Carol Ann Bjornstad, Languages and children: Making the  match, Foreign language instruction for an early start grades K-8., White Plains, NY: Longman, 1994. Doman, Evelyn, â€Å"Current Debates in SLA†, Asian EFL Journal, Vol 7, Issue 4, Art. 8. 2011. Web. Duenas, Maria, A Description of Prototype Models for Content-Based Language  Instruction in Highe r Education, Department of English Studies, University of Murcia, 2002. Echevarria, J. Short, D.J., â€Å"The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP)†, 2011. Web. Edwards, Sarah Kuhlman, Wilma, Culturally Responsive Teaching: Do We Walk Our Talk?, Multicultural Education, 2007. Ellis, Rod. SLA and language pedagogy. An educational perspective. Studies in Second  Language Acquisition, 19, 69-92. 1997. European Commission, â€Å"An Excellent Way of Making Progress in a Foreign Language† 2011. Web. Herrero, Annabelle H., Content-Based Instruction in an English Oral Communication Course at the University of Costa Rica, Actual Investigations in Education, Vol.5, No. 4, 2005. Kachru, Braj B. The second diaspora of English, In T. W. Machan and C. T. Scotts (eds.), English in its social contexts. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 230– 252, 1992. Kern, R.G., â€Å"Literacy as a New Organizing Principle for Foreign Language Education.† In Reading Betwe en the Lines, New Heaven: Yale University Press, 2002. Kramsch, Claire Sullivan, Patricia, â€Å"Appropriate Pedagogy†, ELT J 50: 199-212, 1996. Larsen-Freeman, Diane, Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford University Press, Inc. 1986. Lenneberg, Eric H.,â€Å"The Capacity for Language Acquisition†, in The Structure of Language, ed. J.A. Fodor and J.J. Katz. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc. 1964. Leon, Edgar, Challenges and Solutions for Educating Migrant Students , ERIC, ED393615, 1996. Lightbown, Patsy M. Spada, Nina, How Languages Are Learned. New York: Oxford University Press. 2006. Lindfors, J.W., Children’s Language and Learning, 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. 1987. Lyster, Roy Ranta, Leila, Corrective Feedback And Learner Uptake. SSLA, 20, 37– 66. Mantero, Miguel, Identity and second language learning : culture, inquiry, and dialogic activity in educational contexts. Charlotte, N.C.: IAP. 2007. Merryfield, Merry M., †Å"Institutionalizing cross-cultural experiences and international expertise in teacher education: The development and potential of a global education PDS network†, Journal of Teacher Education, 46(1), 1-9., 1995. Met, M.J.L. Learning Language through Content, Learning Content through Language. Foreign Language Annals 24 (4). (1991). Mohan, B., Language and Content. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 1986. Nagata, H. Testing Oral Ability: 1LR am ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interviews.†Ã‚  JALT Applied Materials 12, 1995. Norris, J., Hoffman, P., Whole Language Intervention for School-age  Children. San Diego: Singular Press. 1993. Otto, Beverly. Language development in early childhood. (3rd edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. 2010. Pakir, Anne, Bilingual education with English as an official language: Sociocultural  implications, Georgetown University Round Table On Languages And Linguistics. Georgetown University Press/ Digital Georgetown and the Department of Languages and Linguistics, 1999. Pessoa, S., Hendiy, H., Donato, R., Tucker, G.R., Lee, H., Content-Based Instruction in the Foreign Language Classroom: A Discourse Perspective,  Foreign Language Annals 40 (1) (2007). Platt, John T. (1982) â€Å"Bilingual language policies in a multilingual nation: Singapore†. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, Vol. 5, pp. 17-20. Prodromou, L., â€Å"What culture? Which culture? Cross-cultural factors in language learning†, ELT J 46: 39-50, 1992. Slobin, Dan.I., â€Å"Comments on ‘Developmental Psycholinguistics’†, in The Genesis  of Language: A Psycholinguistic Approach, ed. F. Smith and G. Miller. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1966. Song, Balin, Content-Based ESL Instruction: Long-term Effects and Outcomes, The American University: Elsevier Ltd. , 2005. Stoller, E., Promoting the acquisition of knowledge in a content based course, In J. Crandall D. Kaufman (Eds.), Content-based instruction in higher  educa tion settings (pp. 109-123). Alexandria, VA: TESOL. 2004. Stoller, E, Grabe, W., The six-Ts approach to content-based instruction. In M.Snow D. M. Brinton (Eds.), The content-based classroom: perspectives on  Integrating language and content (pp. 78-94). New York: Addison-Wesley Longman 1997. Stryker, S.N. Leaver, B.L. Content-Based Instruction in Foreign Language Education. Washington DC: Georgetown University Press. 1997. Swain, Merrill Lapkin, Sharon, Task-based second language learning: the uses of the first language. Language Teaching Research 4,3 pp. 251–274, 2000. The IRIS Center for Training Enhancements. (n.d.). â€Å"Cultural and linguistic differences: What teachers should know†. 2011. Web. U.S.ENGLISH Foundation, Inc., â€Å"Language Research: Language in everyday life: The use of language in everyday life, e.g. education, broadcasting, and other†, 2011. Web. 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A Summary of the National Response Framework

â€Å"Response doctrine influences the way in which policy and plans are developed, forces are organized and trained, and equipment is procured. It promotes unity of purpose, guides professional judgment, and enables responders to best fulfill their responsibilities. (NFR, January 2008, Page 8 and 9) This summary draws upon multiple documents from one primary source, the Department of Homeland Security web site. Upon examination of these documents it became clear that as our country faced more frequent and destructive disasters, the more collaborative our preparation, response and recovery efforts had to become; and to coordinate that kind of multi-systems response our first responders and decision makers would need a framework from which to provide a powerful unified response. That document is the National Response Framework. Researching and summarizing this document is a crucial foundation to understanding 21st Century emergency management in the United States. A Summary of the National Response Framework â€Å"To prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from terrorist attacks, major disasters, and other emergencies, the United States Government shall establish a single, comprehensive approach to domestic incident management. † — Homeland Security Presidential Directive – 5 (NPR Brochure, page 2) The National Response Framework (NRF) is a 90-page guide to how the United States conducts all-hazards response.As a student exploring the field of emergency management as a career possibility, it is clear that the National Response Framework is the essential first-step to having a better understanding of how incident response will be conducted now and in the future. Furthermore, it is the fundamental directive on how local, state and federal preparation, planning, mitigation and recove ry will be forged, as well. So if one wants to be effective in emergency management, one must first become knowledgeable of this framework.The National Response Framework is guided by the input of hundreds of stakeholders, written for government executives, private-sector and nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders, and emergency management practitioners to establish a comprehensive national approach to domestic incident response. The NRF works because it sharpens the focus on who is involved with emergency management at the local, tribal, state and federal levels and with the private sector and NGOs; describes what we as a nation collectively do to respond to incidents; explains how we are organized to implement response actions; and emphasizes the importance of planning.It allows first responders, decision-makers and supporting entities to provide a unified national response to disasters and emergencies. (NFP- Fact Sheet, page 4) This document is a result of twenty years of federal planning documents. The NRF was preceded 15 years earlier by a Federal Response Plan (1992) that focused largely on federal roles and responsibilities only. (NFP, January 2008, page 2) However, after the 9/11 attacks, urgent efforts were made to understand and implement common incident management and response principles to develop common planning frameworks.President George W. Bush directed the development of the National Respon se Plan (NRP) in Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 5, in February 2003. It was published one year after creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the National Strategy for Homeland Security (Strategy). (NFP, January 2008, page 2 and 12) The NRP formed the basis for how the federal government would coordinate with state, local and tribal governments and the private sector during the response to a national incident.It was the cornerstone for the eventual maturation to the National Response Framework. The NRP brought together best practices from a range of disciplines including: homeland security, emergency management, law enforcement, firefighting, public works, public health and the private sector and integrated them into one unified structure. This unified structure provided the ability to coordinate federal support to state, local and tribal incident managers. (NFP, January 2008, page 12)President Bush’s Homeland Security Presidential Directive Number 5 also ordered the development of the National Incident Management System (NIM S), which continues to bring together federal, state, local and tribal emergency responders into a single system for managing incidents. The NIMS enables responders at all levels to work together more effectively to manage domestic incidents no matter what the cause, size or complexity. (Homeland Security Under Secretary Kicks Off National Response Plan Workshops In D. C. April 15, 2005)The National Response Plan was then renamed the National Response Framework in 2008, to better align the document with its intent. Stakeholders suggested that the NRP did not constitute a true operational plan in the sense understood by emergency managers but rather a construct for coordinated national incident management. The new National Response Framework is based directly on the NRP and retains much of its content. (NFP, page2) As mentioned previously, many of these systems developed as a response to the 9/11 attacks.The NRF is actually a requirement of the larger overarching National Strategy for Homeland Security (Strategy) that serves to guide and coalesce our countrys security efforts to achieving the following four goals: Prevent and disrupt terrorist attacks. Protect the American people and our critical infrastructure and key resources. Respond to and recover from incidents that do occur. Continue to strengthen the foundation to ensure our long-term success. The NRF obviously addresses the third goal.

Assignment about ethics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About ethics - Assignment Example System 1 thinking is characterized by an unconscious and automatic way of thinking. This system has the universal cognition that occurs both in human beings and in animals, an aspect that is considered evolutionary. System one thinking is comprised of subsystems that work hand-in-hand within the same autonomy. System 1 thinking is responsible for instinctive behaviors that are programmed inherently. This system solves problems through the dependence of prior information that is associated with the system including automatic, holistic and fast cognitive ability (Kaufman & Singer, 2012). System 2 is recent compared to system 1. This system is characteristic of human beings only. This system is also understood as the explicit and rule-based system. It is slow, sequential, and domain-general and is performed in the central memory system. System 2 allows abstract hypothetical thinking that does not happen in system 1. This system functions with regard to logical standards and is rule based, demanding, analytic and controlled of cognitive capacity (Kaufman & Singer, 2012). The kind of individual ethical problem-solving that happens in business and organizations involves the application of system 1 and system 2 thinking. The use of instinctive information must be used then making an ethical decision. It also involves a holistic approach that will involve looking at the causes of the ethical problem and going towards the identification of a solution. System 2 is also significant because ethical problem solving in a business or an organization must be made using logic and reasoning. This happens in the sense that one has to think through an ethical dilemma or problem and go through certain processes that involve identification, ranking, developing an action plan, implementing it and reflecting on its success. An example of a system 1 response to an ethical dilemma in business is when

Campus Safety long proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Campus Safety long - Research Proposal Example These statistics so eloquently illustrate a grim situation, where students are not safe inside the campus and this predicament is especially threatening to female students. During earlier days, college campuses have been perceived as â€Å"ivory towers† where students received immunity from the evils of the outside world but since the 1980s the â€Å"image began to change† (Fernandez and Lizotte 29). However, over the course of time, this notion has changed due to the trend of increasing crimes within the campus. Obviously, the reason for economic crimes is poverty and people from the locality of a campus commit such crimes on the students for financial gains. Hate crimes, discrimination and behaviors such as binge drinking, which is strongly associated with â€Å"sexual assaults,† are the causes of violent crimes within the campus (Crime on Campus 97). Similarly, the lack of proper systems to monitor security within campus such as security cameras, alarms etc as well as the presence of antisocial elements in the proximity of the campus can also encourage crimes. The administration and faculty in our campus are aware of the situation but, due to financial constraints they have not been able to implement adequate measures for effectively providing full security within the campus. Thus, securing campus perimeters, installing â€Å"physical access control mechanisms† including interior locks for classrooms and controlled access locks for dormitories etc are some of the traditional means of security in the campuses (Securing Our Future 8). On the other hand, recent trends in security measures suggest the use of technology in securing the campus by installing devices such as â€Å"surveillance cameras† and alarm systems or assigning the responsibility to private security agencies (8). However, these measures involve higher rates of investment and most of the campuses do not have adequate funding to support such endeavors. The Cost of Installing Adequate Security in Campuses and the Benefits: While sophisticated â€Å"Physical Security Solutions† are available in the market, college authorities often become constrained to use them due to the cost factor (Campus Safety 5). Details of security systems are attached as Annexure-I. Evidence suggests that the cost for installing an integrated security can be anywhere from US $ 1,868,116 to 2,464,693 for a â€Å"145,313 square-foot building† (Creating Safe Campuses 10). Estimates further indicate that the cost of campus security at major colleges or universities averages to â€Å"$ 1.2 million to 2 million per year† (Fickes par.6). Reputed brands such as Samsung, PolarizUSA, Logitech Alert, Panasonic etc are the leading market players in this segment and they can supply bulk as well as individual, customized security solutions. The following measures are, however, suggested for implementation as they can fetch the benefits listed against them: Se curity Cameras: A standard video surveillance camera, which can be connected to the â€Å"security gate over its own fiber-optic link† costs about US $ 8,000 per piece (University Cost- 1). This measure, however, can provide proper security within the campus as anybody making a wrong move will be caught on the tape and will be held accountable for further prosecution. This will create fear

Catering and Marketing Essay Example for Free

Catering and Marketing Essay To perform successfully, a catering service must be market-oriented and should apply the marketing concept, which is derived from the assumption that a product should be capable of meeting the needs of consumers, foremost, through its quality. To fully meet the needs and wants of costumers on the one hand, and to accomplish its business goals on the other hand, a catering business needs to combine the elements of the marketing mix in order to be as successful as possible in selling its product on the market. Guest satisfaction must be ensured. I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"Marketing is not only much broader than selling; it is not a specialized activity at all. It encompasses the entire business. It is the whole business seen from the point of view of the final result, that is, from the customer’s point of view. Concern and responsibility for marketing must therefore permeate all areas of the enterprise.† – Peter Drucker Food is an indispensable part of the human needs and wants that is always present in every circumstance. It is a usual unison that people have in an event which covers a large number of people dining and feasting meaning a reason for the essence of catering services. Catering services is one of the most dynamic business groups in the food and beverage industry. By industry definition, catering is the planned service of food and beverages – in contrast to restaurants, where food and beverages are generally served on demand. The opportunity for catering services to provide planned food and beverages is far greater than it is for restaurants. While restaurants are business units that serve the general public within their operating facilities, catering services, for the most part, can be provided in any venue, public or private. Unlimited types of settings, both indoors and out, are used for catering functions. The number of people who can be served at a catering function range from one to many, many more – often totalling in the thousands. For a service organization such as catering to acquire customers, it is important that marketing strategies be deployed to improve its own ability to compete with other catering services gain a competitive advantage and thus retain a greater number of customers. Marketing is an important aspect of every catering operation. As customer demands increase for catering-related services, corresponding marketing efforts must be developed. Catering business can live and die by the strength of their marketing efforts, particularly in areas with high levels of competition. An effective marketing plan can lead to the growth of your customer base, larger catering jobs, and increased profits. As consumers grow increasingly, the role of advertising and publicity become the primary vehicles for information about food and service. Definition of Terms Marketing. It is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging oï ¬â‚¬erings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. Strategy. It is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. Catering. The activity of providing food and beverage for events. Marketing Mix. A planned mix of the controllable elements of a products marketing plan commonly termed as 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. Product. Represents a set of tangible and intangible elements used to satisfy the needs and wants of consumers. Promotion. The publicization of a product to increase sales or public awareness Price. A value that will purchase a finite quantity of a product or service. Product Distribution. It is the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer. Scope and Delimitation of the Study This study is conducted specifically on eleven (11) Catering Services in the locality of Bataan. Specifically the eleven (11) catering services are as follows: 1. Tony and Ann Catering Services – located in Balanga City 2. Mommy-Tah’s Catering – located in Orion 3. Petrius Resto and Bar Catering – located in Balanga City 4. Goldiluz Catering – located in Balanga City 5. Ysiad’s Catering located in Balanga City 6. Cora’s Catering located in Orion 7. Junifred Catering Service and Accessories- located in Orani 8. Cj’s Catering Services – located in Dinalupihan 9. Mattro Catering Services- located in Hermosa 10. Gourmet Catering and Flower Shop- located in Orani 11. Know- Well Catering Services- located in Abucay The eleven (11) Catering Services were subjected to survey questionnaire. One catering services at a time. Furthermore, this study was limited to finding only the effectiveness of the marketing strategies used by the different catering services. Statement of the Problem The main purpose of this study was to find out the effectiveness of marketing strategies used by different catering services in the locality of Bataan. Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions. 1. Is there a significant relationship between the location of the business and its marketing strategies? 2. Is there a significant relationship between the number of years of the business and its marketing strategies? Significance of the Study A study such as this enabled the different catering services in the locale to see if their marketing strategies were effective to increase their income. Furthermore, this is also important to all the catering services for this will help them in the promotion of their services using different marketing strategies. With the use of various marketing strategies, catering services may lead to higher income. Moreover, the useful and relevant information acquired from this study may help future researchers in the same field of study. This study will further help the catering services to develop more effective marketing strategies. Related Literature According to Scanlon (2007), the marketing mix includes the marketing strategy elements and may be conducted either as an alternative to the marketing cycle or as a continuing activity in the market process. The marketing mix incorporates the four basic elements into the overall strategy of marketing a product or service. The four basic elements consist of: †¢ a product (product) †¢ the price of the product (price) †¢ the promotion of the product, and (promotion) †¢ the distribution of the product. (place) The product. This is the primary element of the marketing mix, with the other elements adjusting to it depending on the given situation. The product represents a set of tangible and intangible elements used to satisfy the needs and wants of consumers. The product has all the attributes of a service, and it is designated for the market. What is a service, and which are the attributes of a product as a service? A service represents the result of the interaction of three basic elements: the user (guest), equipment (facility), and the service staff (staff). This result should meet the needs of guests (for example, wedding reception). The process of building a service brand is vital to the product as a service. Becoming distinctive in the marketplace and building a brand helps to gain the trust of guests. Product price. The pricing should be based on three key elements: †¢ service demand, †¢ costs incurred in creating services, and †¢ comparing and adjusting prices to those of rivals on the market. Some potential customers are more sensitive to prices than others. For some, price is the single variable on which they base their decision to buy (or not to buy) a product, while others care nothing for the price, as long as it guarantees the quality of services provided. Hence, businesses need to be elastic in pricing. They must carefully monitor the reactions of customers to prices and, accordingly, adjust or change prices depending upon demand. Costs clearly influence the price of a product, and they determine the bottom price below which a business will begin to loss money. Prices should not, however, be overly cost-oriented, and they should not be increased to cover costs. Instead, they should be based on demand and adjusted to changes on the market. Rivals also play an important role in pricing. A business will often be compelled to change its pricing policy as a result of changes in the prices of rivals. Considering how fierce competition is today, it must be analyzed and mon itored. This means that prices, once fixed, cannot be allowed to remain unchanged, but rather, their adjustment to change should be taken as a sign of their flexibility. Product promotion. To promote a product, the business communicates with the market of demand. The market of demand comprises potential customers, various business organisations and organisations belonging to non-economic branches, and media. In promoting a product, a variety of promotional methods are used to present the product to potential customers and attract their attention. Considering the growing number of promotional methods available today in promoting a product, businesses choose to use a combination of promotional elements.

Panama Canal :: essays research papers fc

PANAMA CANAL The canal is joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It runs from Cristobal on lemon bay, a part of the Caribbean sea, to Balboa, on the Gulf of Panama. The canal is slightly more than 64 km long, not including the dredged approach channels at either end. The minimum depth is 12.5 m, and the minimum width is 91.5 m. The construction of the canal ranks as one of the greatest engineering works of all time. In history people had interest in a shorter route from the Atlantic to Pacific. This began with the explorers of Central America early in the 16th century. Hernan Cortez was a Spanish conquer of Mexico who suggested a canal across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. Other explorers had favored routes through Nicaragua and Darien. The 1st for a canal through the Panama was started by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, Who in 1523 ordered a survey of the isthmus. A working plan for the canal was drawn up as early as 1529, but was shown to the king. In 1534 a Spanish official suggested a canal rout e close to that of the present canal. Later more of the canal plans were suggested but no action was taken upon any of these plans suggested. Later on there is more in the canal. The Spanish government abandoned its interest in the canal but in the early 19th century the books of the German scientist Alexander von Humboldt brang back the interest in the project of the canal, and in 1819 the Spanish government formally authorized the construction of a canal and the creation of a company to build it. Nothing came of this effort, however, and the revolt of the Spanish colonies soon took control of possible canal sites out of Spanish hands . The republics of Central America tried to interest groups in the United States and Europe in building a canal, and it became a subject of perennial debate in the congress of the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 and the rush of would-be miners started the United States interest in digging the canal. Various surveys made betw een 1850 and 1875 indicated that only two routes were practical, the one across Panama and that across Nicaragua. In 1876 an international company was organized. Two years later it obtained a concession from the Colombian government. Panama was then part of Colombia to dig a canal across the isthmus.

Sanitation and Safety

Chapter 1THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUNDIntroductionHaving a good sanitation and safety operation is vital to any food service establishment, big or small. Sanitation literally means measures necessary for improving and protecting health and well being of the people. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households and across communities. http://www.who.int/topics/sanitation/en/ Safety is the condition of being protected against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional, occupational, psychological, educational or other types or consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety Foodservice establishments feed hundreds of millions of people annually.The customers in many of these establishments are young, at high risk, elderly, and ill. Care must be take n at all times to protect this vulnerable group of people. In every fast food restaurants, sanitation and safety are an essential part  of operation that the customers looked for. By implementing sanitation and safety operation; it prevents the health risks of the customers, external and internal health. It can also improve the relationships to the customers and increases trust of compliance agencies and inspectors. A work environment free of hazards that cause accidents and a dining facility in which customers are safe and secure should be aims of all foodservice owners.Even if customers don’t get sick, storing, preparing or serving food in unsanitary and unsafe conditions will adversely affect the food quality and health of consumers. Once quality starts to slip, food poisoning or accidents aren’t far behind. http://yourhospitalitysolutions.com/2012/the-importance-of-sanitation-in-the-restaurant-industry/ Customers often judge your food based on the cleanliness of your establishment. If they see an eating area or an open kitchen that is visibly dirty, they are likely to be wary of the food they are being served.They are not going to enjoy their eating to any fast food restaurants if they are served bad food that makes them sick and encountered accidents. They won't be coming back, nor will they recommend that spot to their friends. That’s why sanitation and safety operation are important to the foodservice industry to avoid customer lost and having a bad reputation from the consumers. http://www.ecolab.com/solutions/food-safety-specialties/sanitation-and-cleaning# Background of the studyEach type of foodservice establishment will be governed by management philosophy, policies, and procedures individualized to the organization, visions, values, goals, objectives, and systems of operation. Sanitation within the food industry means the adequate treatment of food-contact surfaces by a process that is effective in destroying vegetative cell s of microorganisms of public health significance, and in substantially reducing numbers of other undesirable microorganisms, but without adversely affecting the food or its safety for the consumer (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR110, USA).Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures are mandatory for food industries in United States, which are regulated by 9 CFR parts 416 in conjunction with 21 CFR parts 178.1010. Similarly, in Japan, food hygiene has to be achieved through  compliance with food sanitation law. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation#Improving_access Safety is generally interpreted as implying a real and significant impact on risk of death, injury or damage to property. In response to perceived risks many interventions may be proposed with engineering responses and regulation being two of the most common. Safety can also be defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from the event or from exposure to something that causes health or economical losses.It can include protection of people or of possessions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety#Safety_measures The one thing that all of the types of food establishments have in common is providing safe and sanitary food to the people who are far away from home for one or more meals per day. Today, Santa Cruz serves as the capital of Laguna and is considered as the business and commercial center on the eastern part of the province. The said city has also different fast food Restaurants Corporation naming, Jollibee, McDonald and Chowking. The researchers saw that as an opportunity to conduct research study about Assessment on the Level of Sanitation and Safety of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers.Theoretical FrameworkThis paper recognized the fact that hygiene and sanitation lapses can happen even when an institution and the whole country hav e sufficient water supply. Keith Proudlove (1987: 59) posits that, if the public is aware of food poisoning, it should report such cases more readily rather than accept their illness as another bilious attack; but her argument is more of a curative than a preventive intervention. Many reasons account for food poisoning in the hospitality industry; this range from lack of hygiene education, proper sanitation, to poor.According to the Susan F.Robinson ed (1992:2), the absolute safety of a food or an ingredient can never be guaranteed. This theory is applicable in hospitality institutions especially where no appropriate precautions are taken during purchasing of raw materials, development, through manufacturer into products, processing, and final preparation and in distribution. This argument indicates that, the risks from any food can be kept to an absolute minimum i.e. any level of  contamination from the source of raw materials used in the preparation of food items in the hospital ity and tourism facilities can be prevented to avoid disasters. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1675623 Jack in the Box hired food scientist David M. Theno to help the chain prevent future outbreaks. Theno advocated an established system known as Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP).HACCP identifies the steps in the food-production process at which a product can become unsafe to eat. Many restaurants and suppliers now use this and similar programs to help ensure the safety of food. http://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/fast-food2.htm Enticed by the success of the McDonald's concept, Kroc signed a franchise agreement with the brothers and began opening McDonald's restaurants in Illinois. By 1961, Kroc had bought out the brothers and created what is now the modern McDonald's Corporation. One of the major parts of his business plan was to promote cleanliness of his restaurants to growing groups of Americans that had become aware of food safety issues.As part of his commitment to cleanliness, Kroc often took part in cleaning his own Des Plaines, Illinois outlet by hosing down the garbage cans and scraping gum off the cement. Another concept Kroc added was great swaths of glass which enabled the customer to view the food preparation, a practice still found in chains such as Krispy Kreme. A clean atmosphere was only part of Kroc's grander plan which separated McDonald's from the rest of the competition and attributes to their great success. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_food_restaurantConceptual FrameworkThis study was guided by a research paradigm to be able to picture out clearly the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers.Frame 1. Frame 2.Input. It consist the independent variables such as the profile of the respondents which includes the age, gender, and educational background. Process. It consist the variables under the Assessm ent on the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers. Output.Statement of the problemThe main objective of this research was to analyze and find out The Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:1. What is the respondents profile with respect to: 1.1 Age 1.2 Gender 1.3 Educational Background? 2. What is the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers in terms of: 2.1 Health Control 2.2 Sanitation 2.3 Cleanliness 2.4 Vermin Control? 3. Is there any significant effect on the profile of the respondents and Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers?Hypothesis Significance of the study The following are the beneficiaries of the study: Fa st Food Restaurant Owners. Employees. Students. Professors. School/University. Customers.Scope and limitation of the studyThis study covers the Assessment on the Level of Sanitation and Safety Operation of Fast Food Restaurants in Sta. Cruz, Laguna as Perceived by the Customers. The researchers used 30 respondents from the customers and employees within the premises of the fast food restaurants the survey covers from†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Definition of TermsAge. A period of human life, measured by years from birth, usually marked by a certain stage or degree of mental or physical development and involving legal responsibility and capacity Gender. The state of being male or female (typically used with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones). Customer. A person or organization that buys goods or services from a store or business. Fast Food Restaurant. Also known as a quick service restaurant. It is a specific type of restaurant characterized both by its fast food cuisine and by minimal table service. Food.Perception. The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses. Sanitation. The development and application of sanitary measures for the sake of cleanliness and protecting health.Chapter 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDYGender Although the terms sex and gender are used interchangeably in many writings, some authors have differentiated between the terms (American Association of University Women Educational Foundation, 1992; Sanders, 2003)Chapter 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThis chapter includes the Research Design, Population and Sample Research Procedure, Research instrument and Statistical Treatment of Data. Research Design Population and Sample Research Procedure Research Instrument

Online Reservation for Catering Services Essay

The Apple II became an instant success when released in 1977 with its printed circuit motherboard, switching power supply, keyboard, case assembly, manual, game paddles, A/C powercord, and cassette tape with the computer game â€Å"Breakout.† When hooked up to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics. The Kenbak-1, the first personal computer, advertised for $750 in Scientific American. Designed by John V. Blankenbaker using standard medium-scale and small-scale integrated circuits, the Kenbak-1 relied on switches for input and lights for output from its 256-byte memory. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corp. closed its doors. The Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) — the first of several personal computers released in 1977 — came fully assembled and was straightforward to operate, with either 4 or 8 kilobytes of memory, two built-in cassette drives, and a membrane â€Å"chiclet† keyboard. The abacus was an early aid for mathematical computations. Its only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the calculation. A skilled abacus operator can work on addition and subtraction problems at the speed of a person equipped with a hand calculator (multiplication and division are slower). The abacus is often wrongly attributed to China. In fact, the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 B.C. by the Babylonians. The abacus is still in use today, principally in the far east. A modern abacus consists of rings that slide over rods, but the older one pictured below dates from the time when pebbles were used for counting (the word â€Å"calculus† comes from the Latin word for pebble).

unit 1 hw 8 Essay

unit 1 hw 8 Essay unit 1 hw 8 Essay Sophia Elky 9/21/14 Period 5 Unit #1: HW #8 Syncretism – the process of blending new religious beliefs with old beliefs Mahayana – Chinese version of Buddhism; placed considerable emphasis on Buddha as god or savior The Benedict Rule – established by Benedict; urged a disciplined life, with prayer and spiritual fulfillment alternating with hard work in agriculture and study Rajput – Regional princes in western India who emphasized military control of their regions Constantine – an emperor of Rome who set up the second capital city of Constantinople and advocating for Christianity 1. The Yellow Turbans were Daoist leaders who inspired a revolt against the empire by promising that divine magic would bring a golden age. They gained popularity as the Han Empire declined because they incorporated magic and healing into their religion, which broadened their appeal. Also, the Chinese bureaucracy and emperor were becoming corrupt and less powerful, and the Yellow Turbans were addressing many of the commoners’ concerns by protesting against this. 2. China experienced 3 centuries of chaos after the fall of the Han because nomads frequently attacked and invaded the land, and the political structure was not operating effectively. Additionally, there were many epidemics that spread across China, which killed as much as half of the population, and China was culturally separated by the growth of Buddhism in that region. However, the permanent mark of this period was not very extensive, as the only effects were the existence of Buddhism in China and different styles in art and literature. This was because the original structures in China were too resilient and durable to be overturned or abandoned. Values like Confucianism were perpetuated despite the 3 century period and the bureaucracy was not fully diminished, for the nomads ultimately assimilated to the preexisting cultural norms. 3. One reason that Hinduism grew as the Gupta Empire declined was that the Hun princes who were now in power originally worshipped gods of battle and did not care for the Buddhist alternative of serenity and contemplation. Another reason was that after hearing about the faith of Islam, Hindu leaders worked hard to increase Hinduism’s popularity by emphasizing religious devotion and writing Hindu texts to Hindi. This convinced many Indians to stay Hindus instead of converting. 4. Islam was detrimental to the Indian economy, as the Arab traders were able to take control of trade from the Tamils in the Indian Ocean. Therefore, India’s previous trade lost some prosperity but did not collapse. 5. The decline and collapse of Rome was more disruptive and serious than that of other classical empires because after its fall, the Mediterranean region was never reunited, unlike China or India. Also, Rome’s political culture was not able to survive through the chaos and was never revived, and the same outcome occurred regarding religion, because the region did not produce one single faith that was strong and widespread enough to maintain unity. 6. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the three regions that emerged were the Byzantine Empire, the Parthian Empire, and the Sassanid Empire. The Byzantine Empire was originally the Western half of the Roman Empire, and retained Mediterranean culture, as they spoke Greek and continued the Roman authoritarian style. It had artistic creativity and traded actively, and despite attempts, was not able to reclaim the entirety of Roman heritage. The Parthian Empire encompassed some of what was previously Alexander the Great’s Empire, and was centered in the Tigris-Euphrates area. They did not produce new culture and instead utilized Persian ways and principles. They were able to sustain an effective military and bureaucracy until they were overthrown by a Persian rebellion that produced the Sassanid Empire. This empire revitalized more of the Persian culture, reviving

Toyota Production system Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toyota Production system - Research Paper Example TPS is an integrated socio-technical system developed by Taiichi Ohno, Shigeo Shingo, and Eiji Toyoda. This system includes its management philosophy and practices. It assists Toyota in organizing its manufacturing activities and logistics and in effective interaction with suppliers and customers. The major objectives of TPS include resolution on the overburden, inconsistency, and elimination of waste. As Basu points out, this system addresses seven kinds of waste such as waste of overproduction, waste of time on hand, waste in transportation, waste of processing itself, waste of stock on hand, waste of movement, and waste of making defective products (Basu 11). Toyota believes that quality management is the key to global competitiveness and hence the company deploys the TPS as a tool for meeting customer tastes and preferences. The most fascinating feature of the TPS is that it can accurately identify wastes in production and effectively optimize various scheduling processes. In the view of some experts, the greatest strength of TPS is the way it develops people. Unlike a push system where employees just work according to the instructions they are given, the TPS greatly fosters employee creativity and this situation benefits the company to improve its productivity. In TPS, T stands for ‘Thinking’ as well as ‘Toyota’. The TPS encourages Toyota workers to come up with revolutionary production techniques and unique ideas that would contribute to the firm’s market competitiveness. It is noted that this system is highly potential to develop efficient leaders who can thoroughly understand various processes and hence train others. In addition, TPS is a better tool to develop exceptional teams of employees that can properly follow the company’s philosophy. Similarly, this system greatly aids the organization to cut lead-time by eliminating all the bits

OLAUDAH EQUIANOS INTERESTING NARRATIVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

OLAUDAH EQUIANOS INTERESTING NARRATIVE - Essay Example Who likes to remember those days of despicable inhumanity; but your words are a reminder of the days when humanity was non-existent. At best the two legged creatures may be called homo sapiens but not humans, because they were totally devoid of humaneness—the slaves because of the misery, self pity and contemptuous life they led; the masters because of the insolence, avarice and brutality they bore. Your pardoning mind astonishes me when you absolve those brutal masters, attributing all their unimaginable brutality to the customary ways of slave-trade. I just cannot afford to forget and forgive those afflictions; but when you say that, I too feel like agreeing with you: â€Å"had the pursuits of those men been different, they might have been as generous, as tender-hearted and just, as they are unfeeling, rapacious and cruel†. Those benumbed hearts perpetrated the pestilence of slavery, tainting God’s original designs for equality and independence. Yes it was the avarice of the planters and the slave traders that debauched them to the indescribable cruelties and inhumanity they practiced. It is true as you said, they were NOT ‘born worse than other men—No; it is the fatality of this mistaken avarice, that it corrupts the milk of human kindness and turns it into gall’. How many times have we reproached our fate, and wished we had never been born, and we called on death to relieve us from the dreaded horrors! How much we wished to be born in a place ‘Where slaves are free, and men oppress no more’. Times when we were being sold from lord to lord; from misery to greater misery; bound with chains, mangled and torn! How often have we called out to our old Pagan gods to send thunder and lightning and destroy those cruel masters who meted out contempt and cruelty to us, as if we were lesser than animals? Who taught us that trials and tribulations were God’s ways of imparting wisdom, resignation and strength to our minds? Who