Carrer alternatives analysis report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Carrer alternatives analysis report - Case Study Example Job prospects 11 Salary 12 Actuarial profession 13 Job responsibilities of an Actuary 13 Working Conditions 14 Educational qualification 14 Licenses and other qualifications 15 Job prospects 15 Salary 16 Recommendations and Conclusion 16 References 18 Executive Summary The role and scope of a finance professional in the present economic conditions includes pricing of new products, price classification, forecasting challenges and issues in the operating environment, planning strategic moves, estimating the size and extent of loss distribution, establishing loss reserves, monitoring solvency, calculating premium levels, and assessing the credibility of projects and transactions. The existing business environment has presented the organizations with numerous complexities that act as constraints in implementing new policies and strategies while at the same time presenting increased opportunities to expand and grow. The exposure to risk has increased manifolds that require efficient model s for rating and assessing the feasibility of operations (beanactuary.com, 2009). The report provides an in-depth assessment of two career alternatives – Finance Controller and Actuaries. Introduction A career in finance and accounting is gaining popularity. In any company or an organization the study of the numbers or finance is the most crucial and important decision. This is used to gauge what and where the company is heading to. This guides the management to take further actions pertaining to the interest of the company. The study of the market, investment plans, investment brokers etc are some of the arrear which a person can opt for in the field of finance. The increasing range of products and services offered by financial services today and the growing complexity of the operating... According to the research findings the role and demand of the financial controllers and the actuaries is a continuous process. The job seekers are likely to face competition in the field of accounting. For the financial controller, the knowledge of finance, a complex financial instrument etc is a mandate and for the Actuarial a strong foundation in mathematics is essential. Both the roles are of utmost importance to a company or an organization. The difference is the nature of work. A financial controller is expected to regulate, guide the financial condition of an organization. An Actuarial helps the companies to develop health and long term insurance policies by their calculations and predictions. A Finance Controller will help the company by calculating and evaluating the numbers obtained and by predicting the performance based on these measurements. An Actuarial helps both the company and the consumer as it keeps a check on the number of the occurrence of a disease and helps the companies by calculating the premium based on which the company itself can survive even in any odd situation. The emerging times that are characterized by tough economic conditions and financial challenges will witness an increasing demand for actuaries. Monetary and fiscal policies are highly instrumental in regulating the country’s economy and creating market stability. The impact of these changes on the Actuarial profession is visible in the increasing demand for individual practitioners and consultants who can provide adequate support to organizations and managers in the decision making process.

Themes in Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Themes in Popular Culture - Essay Example The themes in Springsteen’s songs are often experienced by most people and this perhaps is one of the reasons why his songs became popular among many Americans and other cultures. Springsteen’s ability to bring to life everyday, ordinary circumstances is excellent so that listeners could easily relate to the songs as they enjoy and patronize his music. Along with Springsteen, another contemporary singer was making a name for himself, Bob Seger. The latter is not simply a contemporary of Springsteen but he also wrote songs with similar themes. To see the similarities on the works of the two popular culture artists, I will discuss Seger’s â€Å"Turn the Page† along with the works of Springsteen. â€Å"Turn the Page† tells the life story of Seger in part as an artist. Just like Springsteen, he writes about every day or ordinary situations that reflect his thoughts and emotions. He wrote the aforementioned song while he was on the road, completing a tour and it basically reflects how he felt about the trip. He starts off with a descriptive phrase â€Å"On a long and lonesome highway† which gives a clear picture of a deserted road. The terms â€Å"highway†, â€Å"road† or â€Å"street† are common terms Springsteen often use in his works. For instance, in his song â€Å"Thunder Road†, the phrases â€Å"For a savior to rise from these streets†, â€Å"To trade in these wings on some wheels†, â€Å"Were riding out tonight† and â€Å"Thunder road† all suggest a path, track or the like. Metaphorically, road is used as a symbol for a person’s choices and way of life, a theme that is quite obvious in Springst een’s lyrics. They suggest that in life, people are always presented with different roads and different roles but one cannot walk two roads at the same time. Therefore, a person has to make a choice. For Seger, the road that he has to take is specified; it is â€Å"east of Omaha†. This does not mean that he will have

Business plan about cambata aviation

Business plan about cambata aviation Business Plan Executive Summary: Cambata Aviation Private Limited is a private sector leading ground handling agency in India. Currently CAPL handles more than 30 international passenger airlines, more than 10 cargo airlines and number of non-scheduled airlines operations across India. Company management would like to expand the operations of the company in coming two-three years to become pioneer in the ground handling industry. In order to succeed and become ground handling giant we need to takeover domestic ground handling market which is growing very rapidly and also attract new international, private and non-scheduled airlines towards our company. We also need to acquire new equipments to support our operations and increase productivity. Following plan will give an idea about how company is going to achieve the said objective. Cambata Aviations main strategy is to emphasize the quality of its professional services. Since CAPL is the existing and well known ground handling agency we have a backup of our expert management team that is always looks after the development of the company. Based on the size of our market, our sales projection for the next year will be $4,250,000. In order to acquire new equipments, complete all the legal formalities and for marketing we will need around $3,486,000 at start up. Company chairman invested $600,000 and rest we will borrow from bank as a long term liability. Introduction:- Cambata Aviation Private Limited (CAPL) started offering Ground Handling services in 1967 at Mumbai International airport. British Airways (formerly known as British Overseas Airways Corporation) was the first customer airline company of CAPL. In earlier days Cambata use to provide only ‘Meet and Assist services to certain airlines that includes wheelchair assistance, unaccompanied minors assistance, flight crew clearance, CIP handling. Because certain airlines provide such meet and greet services to their premium customers. Later CAPL started providing other functions like Check in, Baggage Tracer, Cargo acceptance and unitization, Flight Dispatch, Weight Balance, Ramp, Cabin Appearance, and Clearance of Company Stores Mail. Cambata Aviation is the member of the International Air Transport Association Ground Handling Council (IATA-IGHC) and approved ground handling company. At present CAPL is the only independent and private ground handling agency in India with IATA-JAR-OPS Service Level Agreement. Currently Cambata handles more than 30 international airline operations across India. The objective of CAPL is to provide highest standard of services to all the international customer airlines and to attract new airlines towards company. The services provided at CAPL are world class keeping in mind the safety and security in operation is the aim, which is the base of aviation industry. This business plan is about the expansion of the company to start ground handling activities for domestic airlines, private airlines and non-scheduled airlines as well as to provide new and innovative value added services required by the international customer airlines and purchase of new own equipments like Push back tractors, belt loaders, cargo dollies and loaders, Ground Power Units, Passenger stairs, baggage carts, wheelchair lifts and Ambulift etc. to become pioneer in the ground handling services in India. The main purpose behind this expansion is to capture whole domestic market. Since we have certain international airlines that operate twice or thrice a week so we can utilise our workforce for domestic operations as well. Day by day domestic airline market is roaring up, in the year 2006-07 there were 3 new airlines that started their operations. The Market Situation Currently Aviation industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, India is no exception. Earlier times at airport, airline companies used to employ their own employees but now most of the airlines ask the ground handling agencies to look after their all flight movements. This is the cost-effective basis for airline companies. Mumbais Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport (CSIA) is Indias and South Asias largest and most important hub, handling more than 25million passengers and 533,593 tonnes of cargo. Between April 2006 and February 2007, CSIA handled 180,000 landings and take-offs and over 20 million passengers with around 6.73 million international passengers and around 13.65 million domestic passengers. As compared to the year 2005-06 passengers growth rose to 21.28%. From above statistics we can figure out that domestic sector of the Indian aviation is also coming up rapidly. Most famous domestic airlines are Jet Airways, Kingfisher Airlines, Spice Jet, Go A ir and Indigo. In case of domestic airlines there are only two ground handling agencies. At present in Mumbai there are 5 ground handling agencies namely National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL), Cambata Aviation, Air works India, National Aviation Services (NAS) and Globe Ground India. Among all Cambatas services is one of the best. This can be proved by the number of international airlines customers Cambata has. At Mumbai Airport Cambata handles more than 15 international passenger airlines, more than 6 cargo airlines and quite a few non-scheduled airline movements as well. Now Cambata will eye on the new entrants at Mumbai airport by introducing some new services along with ground handling. We can say that, at the time Cambata has a very good position in the ground handling market in India. It can be seen by following figures: Mission And Objectives: Every company has a vision and mission, basically mission means an exercise where all the employees of the company follows an organisational culture to work together to work towards the desired results. But I think vision is more important because it helps the company to determine the future. It serves as concrete foundation to the company. Cambata Aviation will be the most preferred Ground Handling agency in India. It will be the first choice handling agency for the international and domestic carriers, which other ground handling agencies will seek to match. Cambata Aviation will achieve this pre-eminent position by offering a high quality of service and safe, reliable and efficient operations on behalf of the airline company. Cambata will achieve these objectives at the same time ensuring consistent profitability, creating goodwill, satisfy employees and important of all satisfying customer airlines. Objectives: 1) To introduce ground handling for domestic, private, cargo and non-scheduled airlines in coming two years. 2) Acquire new equipments to provide 100% own ground handling support at the airport. 3) Provide better and innovative services to our international customer airlines. Keys To Success: 1) Thorough and stringent induction training for the employees to help them understand the responsibilities towards daily activities keeping safety and security as the motto. 2) Improving established practises of the company. 3) Maintain good relations with the customer airlines by providing best services all the time. Company Summary: As mentioned above Cambata Aviation is one of the oldest ground handling agency in India. It started in 1967 at Mumbai. Later operations of the company spreads across India, in 1972 we started our operations in Delhi and then Chennai, Ahmadabad, and Pune. CAPL looks after different operations such as passenger handling services like check-in, baggage handling, aircraft cleaning, security, ramp handling, flight despatch operations, weight and balance etc. Further company is divided into five departments namely accounts and marketing, Personnel, Passenger handling services and Human resources, cargo and ramp operations department. Accounts and marketing department looks after companys income and expenditure, bills receivables, bills payables, salaries of staff etc. and marketing of our services among new entrants. This department plays an important role in growth of company by controlling costs and increasing revenues. Start Up Expenses: Since our company is well established company we dont require raising money to cover certain expenses but as we have to complete certain formalities we need some capital. Following chart will give the description of Start up Expenses. Marketing Plan: Cambata Aviation is well established company but now we have to expand our business to provide ground handling facilities to domestic sector airlines, private airlines in coming two-three years. Also to expand the current functions we have to acquire new equipments. We need to use different strategies to expand our business to operate on domestic sector. Important thing is we have to obtain permission from Airports Authority of India and Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS) to act as an authorized ground handling agent. Currently there are only two ground handling agencies operating at domestic terminal. Our agency is the oldest one so introducing ground services at domestic terminal would be easy. As like international operations we can provide service to domestic giants. Our target customers would be emerging airlines, existing small airlines that lacks in professional skilled workforce, and new entrants in the international and domestic markets. Basically new airlines lack in skilled workforce, equipments and they have to invest lot of money in training of employees and acquiring new equipments. Here we can use our goodwill and offer ground handling services to them. We have trained workforce with proper experience and knowledge in this sector. We feel that our well trained employees will generate more goodwill by providing world class services with well maintained equipments. Market Segmentation: 1) Unsatisfied Airlines: We hope to obtain positive response from the airlines like commercial, cargo airlines that are dissatisfied with their current ground handling agency. 2) New Entrants: We can target new airlines that just started their operations. 3) Non-scheduled , Private Airlines: We can target non-scheduled aircrafts and most importantly private airlines. It will be very easy for them to hire the services for particular time and number of private airlines is on rise which can provide us a good advantage. Market Segmentation Market Needs: Due to intense competition many airlines started reducing the fare prices and cutting off other expenses. By handing over the airline operations to ground handling agencies they can cut off some of their expenses on employees. There are several airlines flying to Mumbai that are not satisfied with either the quality of the service or the poorly maintained equipments provided by their ground handling agency. Flights which we handle with our well trained workforce at all levels and well maintained equipments will confirm their dissatisfaction with our competition and generate new business for us. Almost all the airlines whether international or national require high quality of professional services with well maintained equipments. Because most of the airlines are of turnaround type they depart back within 2-3 hours after the arrival, in that short time ground staff has to work very hard because lots of activities needs to be carried out right from aircraft cleaning, catering, refuelling, baggage loading and unloading etc. Only efficient workers can do these activities fast. Cambata Aviation is well known for its efficient and world class services and because of that it handles more than 15 international airlines operations at Mumbai. We hope this awareness will generate goodwill for us and generate better opportunities as well. In short, demand for ground handling services agencies is increasing. So we should concentrate on our marketing activities, professional services and try to grab the new contracts. Market Trends And Market Growth: The cut throat competition among all the airlines resulted in the global fare cuts. Fare cuts are affecting airline companys revenues. It can be noticed that other expenses related to food and in flight service are decreased but ground handling expenses are steady. In order to cut off cost and raise revenue most of the airlines started outsourcing the major operations to the ground handling agencies. In short to cut off expenses such as training, acquisition of equipments, salaries of the staff at airport; airline companies outsource the operations of airline to ground handling agency which helps to create immense demand for the ground handling agencies. Also most of the airlines know that efficient ground handling helps to improve aircrafts productivity and generate more revenues. Due to such cost cutting measures adopted by most of the airlines, ground handling providers market is growing day by day. New global ground handling agencies are trying to start their business in India. In earlier days there were only 3-4 ground handling agencies, and now number increased to around 10. Major Competitors: 1) National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL): We can consider NACIL as our main competitor, being a government owned company it gets lot of benefits. Although their quality of service is not good enough still they handle around 10 international airlines and 2 domestic airlines. This is mainly because its a government owned company. NACIL has all owned equipments so they gain an upper hand as compared to other agencies in the market segment. 2) National Aviation Services (NAS): NAS has recently started their operations at Mumbai Airport. NAS has its base in Kuwait. Currently they are handling 3 international airlines and looking forward to start ground handling at domestic airport too. 3) Air Works India Limited: Air Works India is also an old ground handling agency. They mostly look after operations of Private Charter flights, they are specialised in providing services to private aircrafts. They also have their own helicopter services. Strategy And Implementation Summary: In order to gain good position in the aviation industry CAPL always try and use new strategies. CAPL always keep their staff updated with the latest technology and equipment knowledge. Cambata is well known ground handling agency in India, because of its professional and timely services. Competitive Advantages: 1) Professional Workforce: We always kept our standards at high level; our staffs undergo rigorous training after every 8 months. CAPL training modules aimed to ensure world class services and achieve the set safety and security standards in all our operations such as Passenger services, ramp handling, load control, flight operations, mishandled baggage, aircraft cabin cleaning, cargo documentation. This helps our company to grow and reach soaring heights. 2) Overall Handling Of An Aircraft Movements: Though we dont have all owned equipments we provide all the services to an aircraft from the moment aircraft touches down till airborne. Currently we have four push-back tractors, four ground power units, and important of all we have our own hanger which we can rent out in case if any aircraft needs to carry out maintenance activity. 3) Flight Report Control System (FRCS): Ours is the only ground handling agency that developed FRCS. It was developed with an aim to keep high level of productivity, vigilance and service standards. FRCS helps both the airline company and our management to keep an eye on the level of service. FRCS has to be filled up and acknowledged by customer airline duty manager. Management can use these flight reports in order to raise the standards of the company. 4) Safety And Security Manuals: Cambata has developed its own security manuals which we use for our security training sessions. Our security manual has been approved by Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS), India. This enables to reduce the frequency and severity of accidents causing personal injuries and aircraft ground damage. SWOT Analysis: SWOT analysis means analysis of our companys Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. SWOT analysis helps to uncover the opportunities which we are looking for. And helps us to understand the weaknesses by which we can eliminate threats. Strengths and Weaknesses are the internal factors and opportunities and threats can be considered as external factors. It is a useful tool which can be use to analyse the position of the company in the market. In case of our company, following is the SWOT analysis of Cambata Aviation. Strengths: 1) Strong Brand and Reputation: Cambata Aviation was established in 1967 in Mumbai. It is well known ground handling agency in India with more than 30 customer airlines across India. 2) Certification: Cambata Aviation is the only independent and private ground handling agency in India with IATA-JAR-OPS Service Level Agreement. It is a member of IATA Ground Handling Council (IATA-IGHC) and also an approved ground handling agency. 3) Good Relations: After serving the international giants like British Airways, Qantas, Cathay Pacific, Alitalia, Air France etc we have very good relations with international airlines and domestic operators as well like Jet Airways for whom we look after ramp activities. 4) Professional Management And Employees: We have a team of professional experts in the aviation industry. Also we provide overall training to our employees in order to keep them updated with latest technological knowledge. 5)Location: We enjoy the benefit of our location as we have our base in Mumbai the economic capital of India. Being an economic capital people from different parts of the world visit Mumbai resulting in more international flight movements in Mumbai and we can use our professional expertise to get the contract for ground handling of most of the airlines. Weaknesses: 1) Absence Of International Branch: We are pioneer in the ground handling services in India. But we are missing the opportunities which are generating at the ‘hubs across the world. 2) Government Restrictions: Being a private company we dont have freedom in certain areas. We have to obtain proper permission from government authorities in order to start the new activities at different airports. 3) Insufficient Equipments: We lack in ownership of some equipments, which we need to hire from other ground handlers. Opportunities: 1) Developing Market: Aviation industry is growing at very fast pace. Lots of new airlines are coming into the market. We can grab the opportunities by approaching new entrants in the Indian skies. 2) New Market Segment: In India domestic aviation and private airlines activities are on rise. Domestic market is also growing very fast; new airlines are setting up their operations. We can expand our operations or services to become a giant in ground handling in both international and domestic airlines market. Airlines like Jet Airways and Kingfisher also looking forward to start international services if we provide ground handling at domestic level then obviously we can operate as their ground handling agent for international operations. 3) Ineffective Competitor: We can attract other airlines that are not happy with their ground handling agent, because of poor services. Threats: 1) New Competitor: National Aviation Services (NAS) Kuwait based ground handling giant has entered in the Indian market. Because of its global presence airlines may attract towards NAS. NAS operates as a ground handling agent for some of the airlines in Kuwait. 2) Price Wars: After the economic downturn many airlines are discontinuing their services to cut the costs. Some of the competitors like National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL) a government owned agency have cut the cost to attract other airlines. This could be a possible threat. 3) New Government Policy: As per new government policy only three ground handling agencies can operate at Mumbai airport. Out of that one is government owned NACIL and other two are undecided. In such circumstances we can lose our separate entity and forced to merge with other agency. Project Plan: We will need period of two years to expand the operations. Also we are planning to purchase new equipments. We can assume that after two years we can increase our profits by providing ground handling services to most of the airlines. As our main objective is to capture domestic airlines ground handling market and increase our market share in international airline ground handling market we will work hard in coming two years and grab the market share. We are expecting to achieve the said mission by proper vision in next two years. We have to invest more in our marketing and human resources for better and fast results. (Figure showing various activities carried out by Ground Handling Agency) Sales Forecast: Sales forecast shows our estimated ground and ramp handling, equipments usage, hangar usage revenue. We have a very good relationship with airline companies and many of them have expressed their interest in hiring our services. Management Summary: A strong management team is the heart of any business. Cambata is no exception; we have a very strong management team with wide experience in aviation industry, working to raise the standards of our company. Our management policy is to provide better environment to our staff wherein they can be challenged and stimulated to provide effective and better solutions that meet our customer airlines needs. Promoters And Directors: Late Mr. Kershi S. Cambata was the founder of Cambata Aviation. He was holding a Private pilot license and was ex-Royal Force personnel. He was also a pioneer in Aerial crop spraying business in India. Mr. Nelson K. Cambata- He is a trained pilot holding private pilots license. He acts as a Chairman and Managing Director of the company. He has specialised experience relating to all aspects of ground handling and management. Mr. Sarosh J. Contractor- Mr. Contractor is an Executive Director for Operations. He is a finance graduate holding 36 years of experience in Banking, Airline and ground handling industry. He is responsible for the day to day affairs of India operations. Mr. Burjor N. Nicholson- Mr. Nicholson is also an Executive Director for Finance. He has completed graduation in accounts and finance field and holds 38 years of experience in aviation industry. Above mentioned management team is at highest tier. Further tier consists of Airport Manager, Personnel Manager, and Departmental Managers or head that controls day to day operations at airport. This entire team is highly experienced and qualified in the aviation industry. Management Hierarchy: Personnel Plan: As Cambata is established company currently we have 3 personnels at Directors level. Under them we have 5 Airports manager. But in future we have to increase the number in order to divide the work properly. Our projected Personnel Plan is as follows: Companys success depends upon its employees. Now we want to expand our company so we will need more employees. Having professionals at particular place will help the company to form a solid foundation. Following data summarizes increase in our human resources. Year wise increase in Human Resources (Projected) Financial Analysis: Finance department of the company acts as a watchdog over company expenditure. It makes sure that all our operational activities are funded. It may be possible for a company to fund all the activities from operations, but certain times company may need to turn to the capital market for finance. Company has certain outside sources of money like current debt, bonds, loans etc. For all these activities we need to raise around $5 million in loans. As mentioned above we have to expand our services and also to acquire new equipments which will require huge sums of money. To begin with we have to raise money through loans and some long term investments. There are certain assumptions on which we have to rely on. General Assumption: Break Even Analysis And Costs: Break Even Analysis is calculated where total revenue received by a company is equals with the total cost associated with sales. Our fixed cost consists of rental for our hangar to Airports Authority of India, equipments routine inspection and maintenance cost, monthly fuel cost. In order to provide better service we should have our owned equipments. There are number of equipments available in the market and behind one movement of an aircraft we require almost all equipments such as tow-bars, push-back tractors, unit load device, ground power unit, baggage loader, cargo dollies, forklifts etc. These equipments are very diverse in varieties and expensive. Cambata handles more than 5 airlines at peak time so we require more equipment. It can be seen that we have to invest huge amount of money in equipments. Other costs include training activities conducted by our company. We provide training to our employees after every 8 months with updated topics. In order to get better productivity we have to invest some amount in training and development of employees. Revenue: Following table gives an idea about Revenue generated from Ground handling of single aircraft, equipments rental and hangar rental: As mentioned in the above chart, we provide ground handling services to more than 18 airlines; out of those some airlines operate twice a day daily, some operates just thrice a week. Cambata operates around 1200 arrivals and departures a year with the help of these equipments generating millions of revenue. There are some other revenue sources such as equipment rent and hangar rent. Many a times other ground handling agencies require some of the equipments so they can hire it from us at above mentioned price same in the case of our hangar.

Remaking Beowulf as a Christian Hero Essay -- Epic of Beowulf Essay

Remaking Beowulf as a Christian Hero The story of Beowulf is full of religious references and symbolism, but is it truly a Christian story? According to the narrative, Beowulf is an instrument of God, an instrument of righteousness called by God to perform His will for the Danes. In stark contrast to his good, is the enemy, Grendel, the incarnation of pure evil. These two characters appear to represent the forces of good versus the forces of evil. It would be easy enough to leave the story that way, but it appears that Beowulf is written intentionally to make the main characters appear more important by adding Biblical references to the narrative. By creating characters of a Biblical stature, the story as a whole has an added importance. The story was to be important enough that those who told it and those that heard it would never forget the tale. This gruesome creature was called Grendel, notorious prowler of the borderland, ranger of the moors, the fen and the fastness; this cursed creature lived in a monster's lair for a time after the Creator had condemned him as one of the seed of Cain - the Everlasting Lord avenged Abel's murder. Cain had no satisfaction from that feud, but the Creator sent him into exile, far from mankind because of his crime. He could no longer approach the throne of grace, that precious place in God's presence, nor did he feel God's love. (102-113) Grendel is likened to Cain in this passage, but he seems to show characteristics of the devil as well. He is called a prowl... ...ciety. The pagan religions were passing away and being replaced by new traditions and a new religion. Maybe this version of Beowulf is like a remake of an old movie done forty years ago. It had been revamped to fit in with the times. If it had, it was a good idea, because this "modernized" version of Beowulf has certainly stood the test of time. Works Cited Blackburn, F.A.. "The Christian Coloring in the Beowulf." In An Anthology of Beowulf Criticism, edited by Lewis E. Nicholson. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1963. Bloom, Harold. "Introduction." In Modern Critical Interpretations: Beowulf, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Frank, Roberta. "The Beowulf Poet's Sense of History." In Beowulf - Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.

Aristotle’s Definition Of Virtue

Nowadays, virtues are associated with refinement and nobility of one’s character. Aristotle believed that virtue is a function of the soul that guides every action of an individual. Thus, every action illuminates the discretion of an individual to act freely the chosen disposition. Since every human has a soul and virtue is its activity, can we classify every action as virtuous action? In Nicomachaen Ethics, Aristotle examined the inter-relations among the purpose of every human action, virtues, and vices in the achievement of happiness. Aristotle believed that the supreme good is the ultimate goal of every human endeavor. What then is the â€Å"good† for a man that can be possibly attained through his endeavors? It is happiness but relatively defined; vulgar men associated it with pleasure while people with refined character ascribed it to honor. While these things are pursued to achieve happiness in one’s self, but â€Å"good† should be pursued not only for happiness but for the â€Å"good† itself—as an end. The â€Å"good† brings happiness and is associated with function or activity. For instance, if you are a behest pianist then, you are good in playing piano for you are functioning well. The well-performance of your function creates happiness not only for yourself but also for the others, thus, giving you a unique identity. In the same line of reasoning, soul is an aspect of humans that differentiated them from the rest of the animals. Thus, man’s function concerns the soul. The rational component of the soul controls man’s impulses, thus, makes him virtuous. Therefore, â€Å"human good turns out to be an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue, and if there are more than one virtue, in accordance with the best and most complete. † As such, the nature of virtue then should be explored. Moral Virtues The product of teaching is the intellectual virtue while moral virtue resulted from the habit. Thus, it is never the case that moral virtue arises spontaneously on man’s being. Moral virtues are inculcated in man’s soul and perfected by habits. â€Å"For the things we have to learn before we can do them, we learn by doing them. For if all men are naturally born good or bad, adept or inept in certain skills, teachers have no sense at all. On the same ground, moral virtues can be learned or destroyed in one’s soul: by interacting with others we may become just or unjust; by experiencing perils we may become brave or coward; and other circumstances may impart hedonism, ill-temperance, or self-indulgence. Moreov er, by absorbing moral virtues at very young age, great difference will be made in one’s soul. Since it is through training, virtues are acquired; training then at very young age can mold virtuous personality. Conditions for the Conduct of Virtues Just and temperate actions are done by a man who has the sense of justice and temperance. â€Å"But if the acts that are in accordance with the virtues have themselves a certain character it does not follow that they are done justly or temperately. † Several conditions are necessary for the conduct of every virtuous action: knowledge of virtues; disposition for virtuous actions; and power to do virtuous actions. Hence, knowledge on virtues is not enough to become virtuous; rather, the disposition to put virtues into actions is a must. It is common sense to us, for example, that insufficient food and water taken into the body results to poor nutrition while a balanced diet ensures good health. â€Å"So too is it, then, in the case of temperance and courage and other virtues. † Avoidance of fears leads to timidity while extreme braveness endangers one’s life; absolute abstinence creates insensibility while hedonism shapes one’s indulgence. Since wrong doings are committed due to pleasure and noble character is avoided due to pain, pleasures and pain then are subjects of every virtue. The Doctrine of the Mean â€Å"Now neither virtues nor the vices are passions, because we are not called good or bad on the ground of our passions, but are so called on the ground of our virtues and our vices. † Passions, faculties, and states of character exist in the soul: passions are desires; faculties are abilities to perceive passions; and states of character are the choices to either put the passion in action or not. Feelings of pains and pleasures or passions, and the knowledge on good or bad are not virtues for virtues involve modes of choice. In addition, we naturally have faculties and desires. The man’s virtue then, involves the state of character that makes the realization of every desire that either good or bad. â€Å"For instance, both fear and confidence and appetite and anger and pity and in general pleasure and pain may be felt too much or too little, and in both cases not well; but to feel them at the right times, with reference to the right objects, towards the right people, with the right motive, and in the right way, is what is both intermediate and best, and this is the characteristic of virtue. The deficient and excess among the activities that give pleasure or pain is a vice while moral virtues lie in between of these deficiency and excessiveness, hence, the mean. However, the â€Å"mean† can not be found among actions which are entirely wrong such as crimes and envy. For the â€Å"mean† among entirely wrong actions is either its excess or deficiency, â€Å"but however, they are done they are entirely wrong; for in general there is neither a mean of excess and deficiency, nor excess and deficiency of a mean. Also, an extreme of a particular activity can be closer to its mean such as in the case of courage; courage is more of rashness than cowardice. This is so because of the things that are farther from its â€Å"mean† are its opposites. Moreover, Aristotle’s concept of the â€Å"mean† is not a strict doctrine; since the things and degree of happiness for each individual varies, so as the extent to which the â€Å"mean† for every case lies. It is only through the aid of our practical reason that we may determine the mean in a particular situation. Thus, virtue is a set of innate dispositions for the governance one’s action towards the attainment of happiness. Happiness then is not achieved unless one acted in accordance with his virtuous dispositions. Since actions are the concern of moral virtues, the attributes then of which should be examined. The Nature of Actions The nature of actions was classified by Aristotle as voluntary, nonvoluntary and involuntary. Involuntary actions are done against one’s disposition; voluntary actions are in accordance with the disposition; and nonvoluntary actions are accidentally done due to ignorance. Since virtue governs one’s disposition to act in accordance with the â€Å"mean,† the primary basis then of a virtuous action is the goodness of choice. For an action is always a product of premeditated choice of an individual for the attainment of one’s purpose, it is therefore voluntary. This also satisfies the conditions that Aristotle believed are necessary for virtue: knowledge, volition, and doing. On the other hand, if an individual was forced for a certain action, although seem involuntary, he is still responsible for that action for he has a choice for not doing. Meanwhile doing things because of ignorance is involuntary if at the end, one recognizes ignorance while failure to do so, makes it nonvoluntary. For instance, if a drunkard is addicted to liquor due to inability to discern virtuous things, the person then is guilty of ignorance and the action is nonvoluntary. If at some point of time, the person realized his ignorance, the action then becomes involuntary. With these, only ignorance can excuse an action to be called a vice but has limitation. If after realizing virtuous things, the person has continued to be a drunkard, then the action is voluntary and he is therefore vicious. Conclusion For Aristotle therefore, virtues are dispositions that acted in accordance with the doctrine of the mean towards the attainment of happiness. Happiness can not be achieved by merely just having or knowing virtues, rather by putting virtuous dispositions into actions. Thus, virtue is an active condition that makes one apt at choosing.

The Wisdom of Crowds

The Smartest People May Not be as Smart as a Crowd, but Who can Find a Smart Crowd? In The Wisdom of Crowds, author James Surowiecki contends that the â€Å"smartest people† are often not as smart as a group of individuals formed under the right circumstances (XIII). Surowiecki backs up his claim by giving numerous real life examples of crowds that meet the criteria of having diversity of opinion, independence, decentralization and aggregation, and have proven to be smarter than almost any one individual in the group.Surowiecki has proven that he has a strong case for his theory of smart crowds but the exclusivity of this group of people has me wondering just how easy it is to identify or form such a group for practical purposes if no expert is available to mitigate a situation. I feel that such ability would take practice and an increase in awareness to master, but still, I do believe it can be done by almost anyone.Without addressing the specific argument of the reasonable e ase of any one person being able to form a smart crowd, Surowiecki does provide a persuasive example in favor of my theory when he tells the story of the missing submarine Scorpion in May 1968. With no experts immediately available, naval officer John Craven assembled a group of men with a wide range of knowledge and asked them to submit their best guess on questions about the submarine’s disappearance from a variety of scenarios he concocted (XX).The result of his survey was a calculation of the answers that led to a location found to be only 220 yards away from where the submarine was found five months after it disappeared (XXI). Craven did this on the fly and without the help of any of the â€Å"smartest people† and found a better solution than any one expert ever did. Although an expert like Surowiecki finds it easy to identify examples of a wise crowd, I had to ask myself if I could do the same.I found myself thinking back to when I had been placed on a committee at work whose goal it was to come up with a good solution on how to integrate personnel from different departments on a volunteer basis only. On this committee were two representatives from each respective department (filling the diversity of opinion and decentralization requirements) and one Supervisor sent to guide the group.As a group, we developed several possible solutions to this issue and were sent back to our departments to deliberate on our own as to what we thought was the right course of action so that we could come to a decision at our next meeting. By the next meeting it was found that the majority of us had independently decided that by allowing employees the most freedom, by way of being able to travel to any department they liked, we would get the most participation through volunteerism.We were soon overrided by the supervisor and told the most beneficial way to go about it was to narrow the option down to only allow travel to one department where it was believed tho se who did volunteer would potentially learn the most; this is the option that was adopted. Over the next few months, employees were allowed the opportunity to travel to the specified department, and few took advantage of it. It was soon after decided, by a group of supervisors, that in order to get better participation employees should be allowed to travel to which ever department they liked and by allowing this freedom they did receive more participation.What this proved to me, was that our small group of independently thinking people were able to identify a solution that the employees saw as a correct one and that the smart person in the group, counting on his expertise, forced our hand in a less desirable direction. Despite the smart person taking over our group, I can say with confidence that I was indeed part of a wise crowd. Since I consider myself an amateur at developing or identifying a wise crowd, and Surowiecki an expert, I next sought a source I deemed to be novice to s ee what imput they could they could offer on my theory.My sister Abby and her husband Carlos are owners of a boutique custom cake and cupcake shop called Nadia Cakes, and last year they decided to expand their business from California to another state; in July they drove across the country in search of the perfect place to open their new shop. They stopped in several states, casually talked with local communities and surveyed surrounding areas before coming to the tentative solution that Minnesota was in need of a custom cake and cupcake shop and would be a great place to call home.In an effort to make as informed a decision as possible, they decided to do market research in the form a survey in the community they had identified as a promising location. They chose two different shopping centers they were considering for their store and surveyed 100 shoppers in each. The shoppers were asked multiple questions during the survey including where they usually buy cakes, and if a boutique cake and cupcake shop were to open in the area how likely they would be to purchase cakes there.Through this diverse, independent crowd who drew on their local knowledge, they were able to aggregate the information they collected and learned which shopping center would be best for their business and that the community was highly in favor of a shop like theirs opening in the area. The information my sister and her husband collected led them to move to Minnesota where they have had an overwhelming response from the community even though it will be several months more until the shop opens.In just the two months they have been there they have been featured live on CBS, Fox and NBC morning shows and their following on their Facebook Advertising page for Minnesota has risen to 2,000. And if that isn’t enough proof that the crowd was right, the fact that they can hardly keep on top of all of the future cake and cupcake orders pouring in via Facebook and email is. Although I still s truggle to identify a wise crowd on my own, I am happy that I was able to identify these few examples from an expert, novice and beginner, and am confident that others can as well.My experience with the wise crowd at work was a strong example to me of how anyone can be involved in one and good evidence that the smartest person isn’t always right. My sister is simply a small business owner with good work ethic and without even knowing it, created her own wise crowd with great results and no need for an expert. Surowiecki is surely correct that the smartest people aren’t always right and his method to finding a solution without them is certainly valid in my book. Works Cited Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds. New York: Random House, 2005. Print

Edward Abbey essays

Edward Abbey essays What entertains many and exasperates others is Abbeys unique prose voice. Alternately misanthropic and sentimental, enraged and hilarious, it is the voice of a full-blooded man airing his passions-Peter Carlson, People Magazine. Edward Abbey was born January 29, 1927 in Indiana, Pennsylvania around the village of Home. Today, if you travel down Route 119 ( 10 miles north of Indiana) you can find a state historical marker commemorating Edward, adjacent to the Home village marker. As a child, he was the oldest of five children. Because he grew up during the Great Depression, his family was poor. His father held many different jobs, while his mother taught school and played the organ in church. Edward enjoyed writing his own comic books. His literally talents began at an early age. During high however, he failed journalism, twice. Before he joined the Army in 1943-47, Edward decided to travel around the country. He hitchhiked out west where he saw the many different landscape s for the first time. He then was stationed in Naples, Italy. After returning home from the army, he first attended college at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, then University of New Mexico where he wrote his masters thesis on Anarchism and the Morality of Violence. He then finally ended up attending the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. Through his schooling, his academic studies concentrated on Philosophy but he was also interested in anarchism. Edward Abbeys true passion was the American West, especially the desert. He wrote about his love for the west and the environment. Most people considered him a radical on environmental issues, but he considered himself just an author. His first two books were: Jonathan Troy (1954) and The Brave Cowboy (1956), where he wrote about the traditional western hero and his struggles. Abbeys reputation started to grow ...

Lubna Olayans Leadership

Lubna Olayans Leadership Major Characteristics Lubna Olayan is one of the most famous and influential women in Saudi business and all over the world. The woman has become one of the most influential people in the world since her appointment as the chief executive office of the Olayan Financing Company (Sadi Al-Ghazali, 2009, p. 1). According to Forbes magazine, this Saudi businesswoman has been the first to overcome the barriers that the Eastern women have been facing while entering the business world (Sadi Al-Ghazali, 2009, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lubna Olayans Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Lubna Olayan is involved into the membership of the International Business Council and the International Advisory Board of the Council on Foreign Relations. Olayan is also member of the Board at the first venture organization. Judging from the above-presented description, the person possesses powerful leadership skills, because she managed to overcome the male dominance and change the attitude to women in Saudi Arabia. Challenges Faced By the Leader It is known that Jeddah Economic Forum is forbidden for women and, therefore, they have to stay in the balcony with no right to express their opinion. All they have at their disposal is the right to submit questions in the written form (Weston, 2008, p. 439). However, Ms. Olayan realized that this barrier should be overcome; otherwise, their right to freedom of speech accepted all over the world would be lost forever. She was among those brave women who managed to communicate directly with man (Weston, 2008, p. 440). While talking to men, her headscarf slipped back uncovering more of her hair. This picture was presented on the front pages of magazines and it was heavily criticized by male participants of the forum. This was a serious challenge for Ms. Olayan, but her willingness to win was overwhelming. Aside of taboos imposed on the Muslim women expressing themselves freely, there are also certain limitations imposed on women striving to work and to be promoted in professional terms. In this respect, Mr. Olayan had to overcome job instability in the country to become the head of one of the biggest multinational companies in the world (Weston, 2008, p. 439). Her speech was also connected with the fight for gender equality. Achievements of Lubna Olayan At the forum, Lubna Olayan, managed to present the most notable speech that was broadcasted on the Saudi satellite network ART (Weston, 2008, p. 440). In the speech, the businesswoman and acknowledged financer criticized the common belief that it was possible to promote technological advancement without bringing any changes to social organization. She also insisted that, if Saudi Arabia wanted changes, the progress could be achieved through the introduction of social change at different levels (Weston, 2008, p. 440). In addition to the above, Ms. Olayan has managed to achieve incredible results in business and finance and make the Arab world re-evaluate the firmly established traditions and stereotypes with regard to Muslim women and to the future of Saudi society (Sidani, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More importantly, Lubna Olayan has contributed greatly to presenting the new status of women in the community, which requires a significant re-assessment of existing social patterns. The dispute has been uncovered between religious and feminist movements forwarding different judgments and arguments. Leadership Characteristics of Ms. Olayan Lubna Olayan is powerful leader who has managed to overcome religious and cultural constraints and become the head of the most influential company. She is one of the richest women in the world and she one of the most influential figures ever known outside the United States. Judging from her achievement, she is a born leader who has strictly identified goals and objectives. The businesswoman also possesses efficient decision-making and problem solving skills. Olayan’s achievements also indicate the leader’s intelligence, high rate of personal energy, and clearly outlined values and beliefs. Decisiveness and self-confident have assisted the leader in coping with the problems of inequality and fighting for the female rights. Identifying Leadership Style While considering the description of Olayan’s leadership characteristics, it should be noted that the businesswomen resorts to a combination of authoritarian and democratic leadership styles. Hence, due to the fact that the leader is a good narrator and coach and she is competent in different speech, it was possible for her to motivate other subordinates to learn and advance their skills. At the same time, the leader is able to rely on workers’ decision and provide enough space for problem solving, which means that democratic means are also applicable to the case. Importantly, because Ms. Olayan has managed to achieve significant results in business management and finance, she makes use of all styles in order to handle each particular situation effectively. Conclusion It should be stated that Lubna Olayan is the brightest example of great leadership in the sphere of business management and finance. The businesswoman has managed to make a serious shift in the attitude to women in particular and Arab society in general. What is more important, she can be considered as one of the most powerful and influential leader embracing a number of effective management techniques. References Sadi, M. A., Al-Ghazali, B. M. (2009). Doing business with impudence: A focus on women entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Business Management. 4(1), 1-11.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lubna Olayans Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sidani, Y. (2005). Women, work, and Islam in Arab societies. Women in Management Review, 20(7), 498-512. Weston, M. (2008). Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the present. NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

A Very Special Gift Essay Research Paper

A Very Particular Gift Essay, Research Paper A Very Particular Gift The watchband was the best gift that Adrianne received for Christmas. It was a slim, gold concatenation with seven seed pearls strung along like beads of a prayer beads. Because of this, Adrianne was excited about traveling back to school after the vacations. The first school twenty-four hours in January was a clip to demo off what each miss had received for Christmas. In the past old ages, the standard gifts were cuddly stuffed playthings, dolls, perfumed letter paper, or pamper Jerseies. Adrianne is so aroused because she got something truly grown-up and expensive. On the forenoon of her first twenty-four hours back to school, Adrianne took the pearl watchband from her jewellery box. It was the lone existent piece of jewellery she had. The other things in the box were a brace of Hello Kitty earrings, a bubble ticker, and a strand of plastic colored beads that she made into a necklace. On her manner out to travel delay for the coach, Adrianne asked her ma if she could convey her watchband to school, so she can demo it to her schoolmates. Her ma said no because it is against school regulations, and she is afraid that Adrianne is traveling to lost it. Adrianne went to school heartbroken because she doesn Ts have her watchband to demo off to her friends. On that forenoon, many misss in school brought their new gifts for show. As expected, most of the misss got the latest fad in stuffed playthings, like Winnie the Pooh bears. Other childs brought their box-like, clear plastic pocketbooks. As for Adrianne, all she could make was speak about the pearl watchband left back at place. Her friends told her they have to see it to believe she truly has a pearl watchband. For a few yearss, Adrianne thought about conveying the watchband to school. She could maintain it in her pocket so no 1 else except her friends would see it. One twenty-four hours, Adrianne decided that it was clip to convey the pearl watchband. The twenty-four hours when she brought her watchband is meant for pattern for the athleticss festival that is coming up. When Adrianne left the house that forenoon, she had her manus in her right side pocket. In school, while altering into their Pe uniforms in the cabinet suites, Adrianne showed her friends her watchband. Her friends convinced H Er to have on the watchband because they said if she left it in her pocket it might acquire lost. Adrianne could non make up ones mind. She knows her PE shorts doesn Ts have any pockets so she would hold to have on the watchband. She slipped the watchband around her right carpus and snapped the lock. The athleticss pattern was held in the grassy field behind the cafeteria. Adrianne made certain to remain off from the manager so he wouldn t see the watchband. Her schoolmates noticed the glister of the concatenation whenever Adrianne lifted her weaponries to hit the ball. The seed pearls turned and twisted along with her arm s motion. Right after pattern, some of the other misss approached Adrianne to hold a expression at the watchband. Finally she was able to demo off her watchband and proved to her friends that she wasn T doing it up. They all went back to the cabinet room to alter apparels and travel place. Adrianne with her eyes broad opened accomplished that her watchband is non on her carpus any more. She searched the floor and pigeon berry around her things. She even went back to the field to look but she couldn t find it. Now she is truly disquieted that her ma is traveling to happen out that she disobeyed her and on top of that she lost the watchband excessively. For the remainder of the twenty-four hours until suppertime, Adrianne kept believing where the watchband could hold fallen. Her ma served the favourite dish that dark but she hardly touched her home base. Her ma offered her some ice pick but she turned her down. Her secret was excessively awful to maintain. It was get downing to do her feel ill to her tummy. Adrianne eventually decided she had to state her ma. Equally shortly as they were entirely in the room, Adrianne confessed. She sat on the border of the bed. She raised her right arm as if there was some sort of hurting that she felt. But she couldn t expression her ma in the eyes. Her ma said, I know, beloved. Her ma realized what happened at the dinner tabular array. Adrianne looked at her ma in surprise. Her cryings rolled down her cheeks. She asked her mom how did she calculate it out. Her ma said it has some thing to make with female parent s particular gift. They know things without holding to inquire. Adrianne said she was regretful. Her ma said it s all right. The most of import thing is that she came to her and told her what happened.

Refusal letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Refusal letter - Essay Example One of our legal policies is to present terms and conditions of service to our clients before we enter into contract with them and we allow the client to review condition of the available facilities. Our contracts are therefore based on clients’ satisfaction with the state of our facilities before they make an offer for our services. This is based on the legal maxim that advertisement is an invitation to treat and not an offer (Mann and Roberts 173). Consequently, we assume that you placed an offer for our services based on your assessment of the state of the facilities and accepting your offer established the contract. It would therefore be unfair to shift blame on us for your failure to establish the level of utility that you could derive from our facility. Accepting your offer to use our facility entitled us to the payments and a refund would not be possible. You should have also noted in the contract that our policies do not provide for refund on received services. We would be happy to take every necessary measure to ensure that your next stay in our hotel derives the highest level of utility to you. We will also forward your concern to our legal expert who will inform you of the extent to which we met our obligations, based on the contract that you signed with us. We look forward to a long-term relationship with

Achieving Food Security in Saudi Arabia with Sustainable Foreign Research Paper

Achieving Food Security in Saudi Arabia with Sustainable Foreign Direct Investment - Research Paper Example The climate of the country is very hot dry in summer and mild cold in winter. The country is blessed to have the biggest oil reserve in on earth, offering its citizens high living standards to enjoy a comfortable living. Nevertheless, the water resources in the country are insignificant making it very hard to the government to be independent in agriculture particularly with the fast population increase. As Saudi Arabia was always relies on imported food, it is untrustworthy particularly with today’s politics between laws and countries. In addition, Saudi Arabia cannot spend in local agriculture because of water shortages. Therefore, Saudi Arabia sought to put their funds in foreign nations for agriculture. A lot of these investments in deprived nations are not sustainable because of extreme poverty, bad infrastructure and political unsteadiness in some nations particularly in Africa which can put Saudi’s agricultural investment at a high risk. This study is rooted in pr evious analysis and studies, which were carried out in the field of food security in Saudi Arabia through looking at significant academic resources on the topic of FDI, and some cases concerning agricultural investments in deprived nations, which specified on the matter of neo-colonialism and land grabbing. This article investigates agricultural investments overseas and its objective to make agricultural investments further sustainable. It can be used by agricultural bodies and investors to evaluate the risk of FDI in agriculture and also give solutions concerning sustainability to grant food security. This article is split into eight parts. First, it will talk about the global food crisis. Secondly, it will talk about the food security in Saudi Arabia. Thirdly, it will talk about the concept of FDI and its uses on agriculture. Fourthly, it will talk about the challenges of FDIs. Fifth, it will discuss Neocoloniasm and then the Negative aspects of FDI. Finally, it will give the reco mmendations as per the findings along with the conclusion. Global Food Security Over one billion individuals, almost a sixth of the globe’s populace, suffer from chronic (severe) hunger (Heady & Fan, 2010). It is a disaster with devastating and extensive effects. Lack of food weakens the immune system and also slows down a child’s development. 50% of all cases of children’s death are caused by hunger (Heady & Fan, 2010). Under nutrition, as well as chronic hunger, mainly arises from widespread poverty. Individuals who are poor cannot afford to buy food. Hungry households use more than half of their income to purchase the food they require to survive with. Food cannot travel from excess to shortage areas across and within a country due to barriers at the border, poor roads, as well as checkpoints along the way (Heady & Fan, 2010). Without adequate food, grownups struggle to work and children, on the other hand, endeavor to learn, making sustainable financial deve lopment tough to attain. The global society normally uses the phrase "food security" to explain not just the availability of food, but also the capability of purchasing food. Food security refers to having a dependable source of food and adequate resources to buy it. A family is regarded to be food-secured when its members do not live in fear of starvation or hunger. Guarantying worldwide food security will only become more complex in the future as the need for food is projected to go up by 50% over the next two decades (Heady &

International Nurse Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Nurse Migration - Essay Example According to the research findings migration of nurses has been based on either individual contacts and motivation or opportunity. Planned recruitment of nurses internationally has been taking place, in the past decade period, developed nations recruiting nurses from developing nations and other developed nations. Additionally, developing nations are recruiting nurses from each other, especially within similar regions geographically. As a result of this statistics recruited health professionals from countries represent over a quarter of the nursing workforces of The U.S, Canada, Australia and the U.K. The reasons for migration of nurses is as a result of pull or push factors. Pull factors are factors that attract the nurse in the direction of another country. This includes; quality of life perceived to be better, career development, personal security, learning opportunities and better pay. Push factors are circumstances that drive a nurse to leave their country to search for greener pastures elsewhere. They include inadequate remunerations, lack of standard work equipment or facilities, career development options lacking and political instability in their country. The consequences of the pull or push factors leading to migration of nurses to other countries has dealt a huge blow in their countries of origin. More common is the brain drain which is experienced by donor countries that is the loss of personnel that is skilled and also loss of development in education due to human resources that are limited migrating elsewhere. (Awases, 2003). Also, migration of nurses threatens health globally since recruitment and hiring of nurses in developing countries leads to a vacuum in developing nations thus health services in such countries are compromised. Moreover, International migration by nurses undermines the capacity of countries to deal with regional, national and global commitments and also their individual development. The Commonwealth Code of Practice for the R ecruitment of Health Workers Internationally has discouraged greatly health workers recruitment from nations that experience shortages, and also due to the above negative consequences of health workers recruitment. Aiken, et. al (2004) agree, basing their argument on the fact that developing nations require to come up with their own workforce of nurses that are able to cater for their countries needs and ensure that those nurses are well compensated, and that they experience good working environment. Despite all the above negative consequences, there is a positive impact on the recruitment of nurses internationally. This includes economic benefits in relation to income remittance generation. These remittances are estimated to contribute over $70 billion globally to world economies. According to Buchan (2001), the negative consequences of international migration of nurses on donor countries are starting to get acknowledged, but they have not yet been fully dealt with. A balance shoul d be maintained between the push factors driving nurses to migrate, and the utilitarian concern on health of donor countries due to loss of scarce nurses. The Commonwealth Code of Practice for the Recruitment of Health Workers Internationally (2003) believes that for such a balance to be possible there must be a mutual benefit. That is minimization of compromise of the donor country by the importer country making an effort to provide help in the form of technology, training

Concert Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Concert Report - Assignment Example The other being a concert of eccentric performances in a place by the name of Jamming & Apos,: Java in Vienna. Both of the genres of music were new to me but I had an open mind to the experiences. To deeply understand and enjoy music, we must learn to appreciate other genres as well, since music is intertwined. For this music report, I would like to particularly focus on the musical pieces that intrigued me, and the overall experience (Medearis 134). The classical concert involved a sophisticated performance from a number of instruments, which represented different types of music. The atmosphere of the concert was very intense, probably since the concert was housed in a performance hall that could be approximately to the size of a living room, with the capacity to house a maximum seating of approximately 80 people. The chamber performances had two separate parts, having an intermission of approximately 15 minutes apart. There was a group of artists who sat in a uniform manner by the size of the instruments. This group was known as the Washington Symphony. In addition to this, there was an orchestra that was mainly formed by a group of older individuals, wearing black outfits. The beginning of the concert was colorful and rich as two pieces, by the violin and the cello were featured. The two pieces presented an aspect of magnificent darkness since the steady tempo and continuo bass was maintained in the whole piece. The cello, which was more pronounced, gave most of the melodies. At the time the harmonies seemed very piercing to my ear. For an individual with limited knowledge in musical melodies and harmonies, the unusual combination would have been difficult to digest. I personally interpreted the melodies to be carriers of emotion, which was intercepted with sudden burst of anger from the bass which made the piece exciting. There was also a piece that sounded like a love song, it was slow and smooth. I found

Global Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Global Business Strategy - Essay Example The mission statements as well as the corporate values are an important aspect for developing strategies for companies. Strategies are developed with the objectives of attaining goals as well as to generate profits for companies. The mission statement of companies depicts the current or present businesses purpose and scope. The mission statement depicts â€Å"who we are, what we do, and why we are here† about companies (The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011). Values of companies are the beliefs, traits as well as behavioural norms which are to be abided by and followed by every personnel involved with the companies. The companies’ personnel are required to perform or conduct every business activity and accomplish mission as well as strategic visions of the companies. The invaluable personnel are required to be provided fair treatment, dignity, integrity as well as with ethical behaviour. The mission statements and the corporate values are important for accomplishing objective s or goals of companies in an efficient manner. The main purpose of mission statements as well as company values is to communicate the goals or objectives as well as core values of activities which are to be performed. Mission statements as well as corporate values assist in improving performance of a company (The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011). ... The top management of companies is required to recognise the present position and determine the future prospect of the companies. Formulating as well as implementing appropriate corporate strategies is a significant factor for successful performance of companies. A mission statement differentiates one company from the other identical companies with respect to the purpose as well as scope of conducting business activities (University of Houston-Victoria, n.d.). Mission statement of a company depicts about the purposes as well as needs along with well-being of people that a company serves. It assists people as well as businesses worldwide to understand their full capabilities. Moreover, it promises shareholders for providing a satisfactory as well as a fair return to shareholders. The mission of a company is the first considering factor for devising strategies which will assist a company to perform its activities in an enhanced manner (Kusiak, 2011). Seker stated that mission statement of a company should be prepared before the strategic planning process as the mission statement provides the functions as well as the products or services which are to be offered to the people. All companies are required to have a clear and good mission statement for detailing their purposes and mission of companies are communicated through mission statement. Moreover, the mission statement of a company brings out the significant features as well as principles which are required for formulating strategic plans. Strategies are formulated first in accordance with the mission statement and then with specific objectives or goals which are required to be achieved for successful performance of a company (Seker, 2011). Strategies

International Nurse Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Nurse Migration - Essay Example According to the research findings migration of nurses has been based on either individual contacts and motivation or opportunity. Planned recruitment of nurses internationally has been taking place, in the past decade period, developed nations recruiting nurses from developing nations and other developed nations. Additionally, developing nations are recruiting nurses from each other, especially within similar regions geographically. As a result of this statistics recruited health professionals from countries represent over a quarter of the nursing workforces of The U.S, Canada, Australia and the U.K. The reasons for migration of nurses is as a result of pull or push factors. Pull factors are factors that attract the nurse in the direction of another country. This includes; quality of life perceived to be better, career development, personal security, learning opportunities and better pay. Push factors are circumstances that drive a nurse to leave their country to search for greener pastures elsewhere. They include inadequate remunerations, lack of standard work equipment or facilities, career development options lacking and political instability in their country. The consequences of the pull or push factors leading to migration of nurses to other countries has dealt a huge blow in their countries of origin. More common is the brain drain which is experienced by donor countries that is the loss of personnel that is skilled and also loss of development in education due to human resources that are limited migrating elsewhere. (Awases, 2003). Also, migration of nurses threatens health globally since recruitment and hiring of nurses in developing countries leads to a vacuum in developing nations thus health services in such countries are compromised. Moreover, International migration by nurses undermines the capacity of countries to deal with regional, national and global commitments and also their individual development. The Commonwealth Code of Practice for the R ecruitment of Health Workers Internationally has discouraged greatly health workers recruitment from nations that experience shortages, and also due to the above negative consequences of health workers recruitment. Aiken, et. al (2004) agree, basing their argument on the fact that developing nations require to come up with their own workforce of nurses that are able to cater for their countries needs and ensure that those nurses are well compensated, and that they experience good working environment. Despite all the above negative consequences, there is a positive impact on the recruitment of nurses internationally. This includes economic benefits in relation to income remittance generation. These remittances are estimated to contribute over $70 billion globally to world economies. According to Buchan (2001), the negative consequences of international migration of nurses on donor countries are starting to get acknowledged, but they have not yet been fully dealt with. A balance shoul d be maintained between the push factors driving nurses to migrate, and the utilitarian concern on health of donor countries due to loss of scarce nurses. The Commonwealth Code of Practice for the Recruitment of Health Workers Internationally (2003) believes that for such a balance to be possible there must be a mutual benefit. That is minimization of compromise of the donor country by the importer country making an effort to provide help in the form of technology, training

Global Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Global Business Strategy - Essay Example The mission statements as well as the corporate values are an important aspect for developing strategies for companies. Strategies are developed with the objectives of attaining goals as well as to generate profits for companies. The mission statement of companies depicts the current or present businesses purpose and scope. The mission statement depicts â€Å"who we are, what we do, and why we are here† about companies (The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011). Values of companies are the beliefs, traits as well as behavioural norms which are to be abided by and followed by every personnel involved with the companies. The companies’ personnel are required to perform or conduct every business activity and accomplish mission as well as strategic visions of the companies. The invaluable personnel are required to be provided fair treatment, dignity, integrity as well as with ethical behaviour. The mission statements and the corporate values are important for accomplishing objective s or goals of companies in an efficient manner. The main purpose of mission statements as well as company values is to communicate the goals or objectives as well as core values of activities which are to be performed. Mission statements as well as corporate values assist in improving performance of a company (The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2011). ... The top management of companies is required to recognise the present position and determine the future prospect of the companies. Formulating as well as implementing appropriate corporate strategies is a significant factor for successful performance of companies. A mission statement differentiates one company from the other identical companies with respect to the purpose as well as scope of conducting business activities (University of Houston-Victoria, n.d.). Mission statement of a company depicts about the purposes as well as needs along with well-being of people that a company serves. It assists people as well as businesses worldwide to understand their full capabilities. Moreover, it promises shareholders for providing a satisfactory as well as a fair return to shareholders. The mission of a company is the first considering factor for devising strategies which will assist a company to perform its activities in an enhanced manner (Kusiak, 2011). Seker stated that mission statement of a company should be prepared before the strategic planning process as the mission statement provides the functions as well as the products or services which are to be offered to the people. All companies are required to have a clear and good mission statement for detailing their purposes and mission of companies are communicated through mission statement. Moreover, the mission statement of a company brings out the significant features as well as principles which are required for formulating strategic plans. Strategies are formulated first in accordance with the mission statement and then with specific objectives or goals which are required to be achieved for successful performance of a company (Seker, 2011). Strategies

A Clockwork Orange Essay Example for Free

A Clockwork Orange Essay I chose for my text transformation to use the base text A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess. This novel interested me because of its individual language of Nadsat, a form of slang created by Burgess for gangs of violent English teenagers. The slang serves a serious purpose, which is too keep the violence of the protagonist from becoming unbearable to its reader, keeping the language partly veiled, for example making gratizny bratchny sound more pleasant than its meaning dirty bastard. It is important to realise that its audience of the 60s have not yet become subject to such violence and despair explored in the novel. So what have I done? I have taken four characters from the novel (Alexs parents, Alex and the schoolmaster) and placed them into The Jerry Springer Show, creating a parody of the show. I have given Alexs parents the names of Janet and Derek and looked at their perspective of Alexs violent activities. As I would chronologically slot the show in just before the police catch him, I have kept Alexs attitude of his enjoyment of violence. When the schoolmaster has been beaten up and staggers off, that is the last we have heard of him in the novel, I decided to give him a voice and see what he would have said about his attack. So why did I choose to do this? The Jerry Springer Show is a dysfunctional show and Alex is a dysfunctional character. Jerry Springers show is amoral TV; it is outrageous, shocking, scandalous and hilarious. The show has no limits. Nearly all stories have major big twists that unfold as more guests get called out. These guests often get violent and try to kick and punch other parties involved, whilst typically Jerry tries to redeem his guests. This is why I think it works well with the character of Alex and his behaviour seen in the novel. The novel represents the society in which Alex lives in as complete dystopian, dark and dismal, with no law and order. The Jerry Springer Show is a chat show, although it is very staged with his agenda-setting questions and appearing guests, the show is almost entirely full of spontaneous speech. Therefore I decided to do a transcript version of the show, although obviously not true to its discourse as I would be giving the characters a voice as appose to spontaneous speech written down as it is heard. Jerry Springer, as an American, has his own geographical dialect. It was important to keep this as well as phrases singly the best audience and his own idiolect right, well, hey, so, to indicate his regional origin. Jerry has an informal register that contains much ellipsis, such as youre singly the best and here cause you love. The graphology of the transformation is laid out in the convention of the transcript. The names of the characters have been placed on the left hand side indicating who is talking and to the right, is what is actually being said: Alex: are you saying do i enjoy lubbilubbing with a devotchas Janet: against their will alex against their will Alex: not recently no em Sounds that are not fore grounded I have placed in italics for example, the audiences reactions to the quests comments (Audience boos loudly). As this is a transcript and not a play, I have not included stage directions or actions taken by the characters, as a recording of the show a transcript would only contain sounds heard on the recorder. The syntax of Alex and his friends, in the novel, is completely different to that of any other characters. The Nadsat slang has derived from many different language sources but many are Slavic in origin. A mixture of Russian and demotic English, with elements of rhyming slang and gypsy talk, O my brothers, as well as anglicized words and amputations em, pee.

Physical and Psychological Domains of Palliative Care

Physical and Psychological Domains of Palliative Care PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DOMAINS OF PALLIATIVE CARE Taking care of critically ill patients is challenging task and it needs proficiency. It’s very difficult to handle a family and terminally ill patient without any proper knowledge. To solve the problems and handle the difficult situation during palliative care is proper training and knowledge about palliative care. It also needs proper training and experience for caring terminally ill patient. According to Kaasa Loge, (2003) in palliative care quality of life is the basic and central concept. Quality of life is has been used in vast concept which includes physical, psychological, spiritual, and social life of a patient.it is an approach to improve the quality of life of patient who come across life threatening illness for example cancer. The main purpose of palliative care is relief from suffering or to early identification of symptoms as early as possible. During my palliative clinical rotation I have encountered a 60 years old, female patient who was diagnosed with liver ca ncer stage III. Patient was only on palliative care she had not received any chemotherapy or radiation. Now she was admitted in hospital for draining ascetic fluid and for pain management. When I was taking history of patient I came to know that patient was worried about her condition and she was unaware about her diagnosis and prognosis. She was very depressed and anxious about her health. She was unable to do her daily routines due to abdominal distention, pain and tenderness. Furthermore she was physically very weak. While taking care of patient I found all four domains of palliative care in my patient which includes physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual and sociocultural. But physical and psychological domains were the most effected domains in my patient. In this paper I will focus on physical and psychological domain of palliative care. In literature it is stated thatâ€Å"Palliative care is aimed at improving the quality of life for patients and their families who are confronted with life-threatening illness by providing support and care for pain, physical symptoms, psychological and social stress, and spirituality.†(Weiner et al, 2013). While taking care of patient I realized that patient was suffering from pain. Some other physical symptoms which are present in patient are abdominal distention, general weakness, shortness of breath, fatigue, and loss of appetite. According to Skevington Lofty (2003) pain, fatigue, general weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting are the common symptoms in cancer patients. Furthermoreit is stated inClinical practice guidelines for quality palliative care (2008) regular, ongoing assessment of pain, nonpain symptoms (including but not limited to shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue and weakness, anorexia, ins omnia, anxiety, depression, confusion, and constipation), treatment side effects, and functional capacities should be documented through a systematic process.in case of my patient due to abdominal distention she had pain, feeling fullness and shortness of breath. To relief from pain first I encouraged patient to take deep breathing and staff inserted drain to drain out ascetic fluid. After draining 1000 ml fluid she felt relief from pain. In addition in mypatient due to nausea and anorexia she has low appetite. Due to poor intake she felt lethargic and unable to do her daily activities. Therefore I encouraged patient to eat frequently but in small amount and I also educate her attendant about the importance of proper nutrition. The second important domain affected in my patient was psychological domain. Due to physical deterioration mostly patient become frustrated of their life and do not want to live furtherand end up with sadness, loneliness, anxiety due to hospitalization and they worried about the prognosis of disease. My patient also faced above mentioned problems as she did not know about her prognosis and she was worried about progressive symptoms likeabdominal distention, pain, fatigue and general weakness.Furthermore in case of my patient she was worried because she was unaware of her diagnosis.When I was taking history her attendant said that we did not disclose the diagnosis to the patient because she already worried about disease. As every patient has right to know about their diagnosis and their disease process. According to Jhordy et al (2007) physical weakness and impairment disturb most aspects of life like psychological, social, sexual, spiritualand other daily activities of life. Due to limitations in activities patients at the high risk of psychological problems. Therefore most of terminal patients think that they are dependent on family and they burden on their children and spouse. In literature it is stated that mood disorder, anxiety, and depression are coexist with advanced illness. Psychological distress with terminal ill patient is very common in palliative care setting. Patient’s response in different ways to show the depression, for example sadness, fear and grief in different stages of their progressive disease.35 to 50 % of cancer patient experience psychological problems. The experience of psychological problems effect on an individual coping mechanism with illness, physical symptoms and on their treatment. (Kelly,Chonchinov McClement, 2006).Therefore it’s very important to assess the psychological problems of patient to give a quality care and is as important as to assess physical condition of patient. It is also stated in above mention article. That we should educate patient about different psychologist, social groups who support them. To relief from stress I also encourage patient to verbalize her feelings and e ncouraged her to take deep breathing. We also arrange an activity that we gathered same diagnose patient and encourage them to verbalize their feelings and I also provide a paper to express her feelings on paper. After activity patient mentioned that she felt better and it effects positively on patients.In addition I spend most of the time with patient to encourage her to express her feelings and I also educate her attendant to support her and spend time with her. The challenges that I faced during clinical were to communicate the prognosis of disease. Because patient was unaware of her diagnosis and their family did not want to tell the patient bout her diagnosis. Therefore due to this reason I was unable to communicate the disease process properly and it hinders me to apply the concept of palliative care. Furthermore due to lack of resources I was unable to give holistic care. As a nursing student I want to recommend that palliative course should be compulsory in the nursing school and medical, so they can provide knowledge about end of life.There should be proper training for students so they can easily handle the difficulties while taking care of terminal ill patient. It’s not important to give palliative care to only terminal patient but it’s our responsibility that from the diagnosis we have to taking care of patient. On institutional level different seminar should be arrange to give awareness about the palliative care. In addition we can arrange different sessions for patients and families to give awareness about palliative care and disclosure of life threatening diagnosis.it also important to give proper training to the staff of health care system so they can give comfort and help the patient to end up with a peaceful death. There should be a separate bereavement room for families so they express and spend last time with their patients. Moreover there should be a palliative care team so they give proper training to staff ongoing basis to achieve competency in palliative care.According to Ramjan et al (2010) palliative approach can improve comfort and dignity of patient through the early identification and assessment as well as knowing the patients psychological, emotional, social and spiritual concerns. Furthermore we can give awareness through social media, that everyone can approach aware about the importance of palliative care.Mostly patients want to die in home in the presence and support of family. One of article it is mention that health care provider need to support and give education to the family members on symptom management so they can easily continue care at home also(Luckett et al, 2013). In conclusion, palliative care is very important part of health profession. The basic theme of palliative care is not the treatment of the disease but it is all about to decrease the sufferings of patient.There are different domains in palliative care which are affected due any of progressive disease, such as physical, psychological, spiritual, socio-cultural and sexual domains of life. The most important is physical which disturb other domains of life.Moreover when I reflect back I realized that overall clinical and palliative care is very beneficial and productive. Now I can easily integrate theoretical knowledge in a hospital setting. Furthermore now we can educate patients and their family members abut palliative care and be able to assess all domains of health.

George Berkeley Essay -- Irish philosopher philosophy

George Berkeley was an Irish philosopher. His philosophical beliefs were centered on one main belief, the belief that perception is the basis for existence. In doing so, he rejected the notion of a material world in favor of an immaterial world. Berkeley felt that all we really know about an object we learn from our perception of that object. He recognized that in the materialist’s view the real object is independent of any perceiver’s perception. The pen on my desk would exist, whether or not I was in the room to see it or have a sensory experience of it in some way. Berkeley rejected this idea. He realized that knowledge is limited to perception. In this realization, he postulated that everything we know we learned through some sort of sensory perception. He demonstrated that there was a veil of ignorance separating the materialist’s real object and the perceived object. For instance, if one could not ever perceive the pen, how could one ever know of its existence? He held that if an object is independent of one’s perception, then how could one know it to be real. He thought that you could not truly know something without first perceiving it in some way. It was an easy step from that ideology for him to adopt the phrase – Esse Est Percipi, which means, â€Å"To be is to be perceived.'; There is a crippling problem that arises in this mode of thinking that can best be demonstrated by the following limerick: There once was a young man, who sa...

Macbeth :: essays research papers

In the Shakespearean play, MacBeth, A Scottish nobleman starts off by killing one man to become king but in the end has left a whole path of destruction behind him. MacBeth, is the main character who alongside his wife, Lady MacBeth, kills just to become king. Then kills again just so he can keep the throne, and once he becomes suspicious of another person he kills them. So I will try to show the advancement of MacBeth’s aggression. At first MacBeth is rather nervous to commit the first murder, and Lady M. isn’t affected but after that MacBeth begins to have no remorse. In the first 2 acts of the play, MacBeth, Lady M. keeps on urging MacBeth to kill Duncan, The king. So I will compare and contrast the beginning attitudes of MacBeth and L. MacBeth and as the story goes on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1.3 of MacBeth, MacBeth and Banquo meet the Weird Sisters and they greet MacBeth, “Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor, and King hereafter.'; This is the beginning of the demise of MacBeth’s sanity. As the story goes on and MacBeth is at Duncan’s castle, 1.4, Duncan names his son, Malcolm, the new Prince of Cumberland, meaning he shall be king. MacBeth then says, “The Prince of Cumberland! That is a step on which I must fall down or else o’erleap, For in my way it lies. Stars, Hide your fires; Let not light see my black and deep desires.'; I think this is when he gets the first ideas of murder into his head. But when he goes home and tells L. MacBeth that Duncan is coming to stay for the night she says, “ O never, that sun shall morrow see.';(1.5) She is getting the same ideas of MacBeth of killing Duncan, but MacBeth begins to think it is a bad idea. And MacBeth even says, 1.7, “ We shall proceed no further in this busine ss.'; But L. MacBeth seems to want it more when she said back in 1.5, “ Come, you spirits, That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me to the toe top-full of direst cruelty.'; Implying that she wants to become cruel and evil enough to commit the deed herself. Finally in 2.2 MacBeth kills Duncan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the murder of Duncan MacBeth becomes real jittery and nervous. He shows his nervous he was when he was killing Duncan when he said he heard voices, “Sleep no more, MacBeth does murder sleep'; “Glamis hath murdered sleep, and therefore Cawdor.

A view from a bridge by Arthur miller Essay

At the beginning of act 2 in â€Å"a view from a bridge† Arthur Miller creates tension in a number of ways. The first way Arthur miller creates a sense of drama by using body language eg) Eddie’s arm â€Å"jerks slightly in shock† the body language of Eddie is Eddie showing his feelings of disapproval of Katherine and Rodolpho going out together to add to Eddys anger the fact that they both come out of the bedroom together. This shows Eddies love for Katharine but he is becoming far too over protective over Katherine. Arthur Miller also creates tension through the use of short sharp sentences through the scene as well as the repetition of key phrases during the scene, eg) when Katherine says â€Å"I think I can’t stay here no more† when Eddie says â€Å"You aint goin’ nowheres† after that Katherine says: â€Å"Eddie I’m not gonna be a baby anymore† these are all extremely short sentences used within quick succession. The use of short sentences like this is to heighten the drama by showing the views that the characters are in an angry and aggressive as mood well as showing Katherine’s new fear of Eddie and that something is inevitably going to happen. Certain unexpected key events occur in this scene, which shock the audience and create a heightened dramatic impact. This is when Eddie â€Å"reaches out suddenly, draws her to him, as she strives to free herself he kisses her on the mouth† then Rodolpho tells Eddie â€Å"have respect for her† after that: â€Å"Rodolpho flies at him in attack. Eddie pins his arms, laughing and suddenly kisses him. This shows that Eddie’s feelings for Katherine are so powerful that they are uncontrollable; this causes the audience to be shocked and lose respect for Eddie. As well as these happenings, emotions are revealed in this scene, which heightens the tension. This is shown best by Katherine’s fear of Eddie because she usually shows such admiration for Eddie. Eddie crying is also eddy showing emotion â€Å"Eddie strands of tears rolling down his face as h laughs mockingly at Rodolpho. † While Katherine â€Å"is staring at him in horror† Katherine and Rodolpho are also behaving â€Å"out of character† by showing disrespect towards Eddie. Katherine usually acts childish towards him as if Eddie really is her father; and Rodolpho is usually trying to avoid conflict with Eddie as well as trying to win Eddies approval over Katherine Craig young 11vk The mix of violence, humiliation and control in this scene all help to create dramatic impact. This is shown when Rodolpho is violent towards Eddie â€Å"Rodolpho flies at him in attack. † This shows the audience how Rodolpho has changed his attitude towards Eddie. Eddie shows control by forcibly kissing Katherine and then Rodolpho. Eddie does this to show his authority over Katherine and Rodolpho, and to degrade Rodolpho by showing that he has control over him. Further more proving that, Eddie is stronger than Rodolpho. In conclusion the contrast between the events with Eddie and Katherine and the mood of Alferi’s speech at the end of the scene, also creates a sense of tension; due to the contrast between the short sharp aggressive sentences earlier on in the scene then when Alferi speaks there becomes longer calmer sentences, this contrast creates a sense of tension by making the audience think that something more is going to happen. As well as this a part of Alferi’s speech makes the audience realise that something terrible was inevitably going to happen â€Å"but I will never forget how dark the room came when he looked at me; his eyes were tunnels. I kept wanting to call the police, but nothing had happened. Nothing at all had really happened. † This shows that Alferi had the feeling that something had already happened so it seems almost certain that something would happen. A View from a Bridge by Arthur Miller Essay There are several factors which lead to Eddie’s eventual decline. The main ones were things like the influence of the society, influence of the people around him and ultimately himself highlighting his unwillingness to negotiate and his excessively close relationship with Catherine. Nearly all the characters in the story were responsible for Eddie’s eventual downfall. In page 39, Catherine says: â€Å"You wanna dance Rodolfo? † At this point Eddie freezes in obvious disapproval. Rodolfo senses that Eddie is unhappy about her dancing with him so Rodolfo replies: â€Å"No, I-I’m tired† in defense to Eddie. Beatrice makes things worse by saying: â€Å"Go ahead, dance, Rodolfo†. Eddie particularly didn’t like the fact the Catherine had put on high heels in the house, just to make a good impression on a young man (Rodolfo) before the dancing incident. Eddie says: â€Å"What’s the high heels for Garbo? † Alfieri is also to blame for the death of Eddie. In page 58-59, Alfieri and Marco have a lengthy conversation. Alfieri tries to get Marco to promise that he wouldn’t take matters in his own hands but Alfieri didn’t succeed. Alfieri says: â€Å"I’m waiting, Marco, what do you say? † then further onwards Rodolfo says: â€Å"Marco, tell the man† Marco replies: â€Å"He knows such a promise is dishonorable† Marco clearly has pride for himself which he feels that he could lose. Alfieri then promises that Marco will not harm Eddie on behalf of him but this promise was outwardly unsecure. Eddie’s attempt to always be the man of the house was a factor leading to his breakdown. Eddie’s Sicilian background inter links with his 1950’s notions of manhood because it meant that he had to be very manly and be the one who goes off to work. Eddie shows his manliness when he starts to be competitive with Marco and Rodolfo for instance when he starts to teach him Boxing. Eddie says: †well come on , I’ll teach you† and then when Marco showed Eddie that he could pick up a chair with one hand, Eddie looked grumpy because he couldn’t do it, he felt like he was beaten. Many people look up to Eddie and he knows it which is a cause to his downfall. In page 25 Louis says: â€Å"Believe me, Eddie; you got a lotta credit comin’ to you†. Eddies neighborhood motivates him a lot because he is so concerned about his respect in the neighborhood he forgets about what he is doing to the people close to him. This is shown when at the final scene he kept on demanding respect. Eddie says: †wipin the neighborhood with my name like dirty rag ; I want my name back Marco , now gimme my name and we go together to the wedding†. As a result of this Eddie died.